{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:04:45Z","timestamp":1760061885137,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]],"date-time":"2008-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4.30E+12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4.30E+12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless mesh networks extend the connectivity range of mobile devices by using multiple access points, some of them connected to the Internet, to create a mesh topology and forward packets over multiple wireless hops. However, the quality of service provided by the mesh is impaired by the delays and disconnections caused by handoffs, as clients move within the area covered by multiple access points. We present the architecture and protocols of SMesh, the first transparent wireless mesh system that offers seamless, fast handoff, supporting real-time applications such as interactive VoIP. The handoff and routing logic is done solely by the access points, and therefore connectivity is attainable by any 802.11 device. In SMesh, the entire mesh network is seen by the mobile clients as a single, omnipresent access point, giving the mobile clients the illusion that they are stationary. We use multicast for access points coordination and, during handoff transitions, we use more than one access point to handle the moving client. SMesh provides a hybrid routing protocol that optimizes routes over wireless and wired links in a multihomed environment. Experimental results on a fully deployed mesh network demonstrate the effectiveness of the SMesh architecture and its intra-domain and inter-domain handoff protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1841313.1841314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,28]],"date-time":"2010-09-28T17:41:41Z","timestamp":1285695701000},"page":"1-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The SMesh wireless mesh network"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yair","family":"Amir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudiu","family":"Danilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raluca","family":"Musu\u0103loiu-Elefteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilo","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BROADNETS.2004.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2004.1325888"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1648530.1648733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00457-5_11"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN'03)","author":"Amir Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"]] Amir , Y. and Danilov , C . 2003. Reliable communication in overlay networks . In Proceedings of the Annual IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN'03) . 511--520. ]]Amir, Y. and Danilov, C. 2003. Reliable communication in overlay networks. In Proceedings of the Annual IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN'03). 511--520."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1065983.1065997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1134680.1134690"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks (WiMesh). 1--6.","author":"Amir Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"]] Amir , Y. , Danilov , C. , Kaplan , M. , Musaloiu-Elefteri , R. , and Rivera , N . 2008. On redundant multipath operating system support for wireless mesh networks . In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks (WiMesh). 1--6. ]]Amir, Y., Danilov, C., Kaplan, M., Musaloiu-Elefteri, R., and Rivera, N. 2008. On redundant multipath operating system support for wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks (WiMesh). 1--6."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM).","author":"Amir Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"]] Amir , Y. , Danilov , C. , Musaloiu-Elefteri , R. , and Rivera , N . 2007. An inter-domain routing protocol for multi-homed wireless mesh networks . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). ]]Amir, Y., Danilov, C., Musaloiu-Elefteri, R., and Rivera, N. 2007. An inter-domain routing protocol for multi-homed wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON'10)","author":"Amir Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"]] Amir , Y. , Musaloiu-Elefteri , R. , and Rivera , N . 2010. A robust push-to-talk et service for wireless mesh networks . In Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON'10) . 270--278. ]]Amir, Y., Musaloiu-Elefteri, R., and Rivera, N. 2010. A robust push-to-talk et service for wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON'10). 270--278."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502034.502048"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/570681.570684"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2002.804833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080829.1080833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-005-6423-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019149404614"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4597114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10630730601146094"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2002.986462"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"]]Chambers B. A. 2002. The grid roofnet: A rooftop ad hoc wireless network. Master's thesis Massachusetts Institue of Technology.  ]]Chambers B. A. 2002. The grid roofnet: A rooftop ad hoc wireless network. Master's thesis Massachusetts Institue of Technology."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/7693.975448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/339331.339337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/938985.939000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"]]CUWiN. The Champaign-Urbana community wireless network. http:\/\/cuwireless.net\/  ]]CUWiN. The Champaign-Urbana community wireless network. http:\/\/cuwireless.net\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2002.1016709"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"]]Demichelis C. and Chimento P. 2002. IP packet delay variation metric for ip performance metrics (ippm). RFC 3393.   ]]Demichelis C. and Chimento P. 2002. IP packet delay variation metric for ip performance metrics (ippm). RFC 3393.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015467.1015483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023720.1023732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"]]Droms R. 1997. Dynamic host configuration protocol. RFC2131.  ]]Droms R. 1997. Dynamic host configuration protocol. RFC2131.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc2131"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"]]Egevang K. and Francis P. 1994. The IP network address translator (NAT). RFC1631.   ]]Egevang K. and Francis P. 1994. The IP network address translator (NAT). RFC1631.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc1631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2006.881594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.968810"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"]]Helmy A. A.-G. Jaseemuddin M. and Bhaskara G. 2004. Multicast-Based mobility: A novel architecture for efficient micromobility. IEEE J. Select. Areas Comm.  ]]Helmy A. A.-G. Jaseemuddin M. and Bhaskara G. 2004. Multicast-Based mobility: A novel architecture for efficient micromobility. IEEE J. Select. Areas Comm.","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.826002"},{"volume-title":"Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM).","author":"Hsieh R.","key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"]] Hsieh , R. , Zhou , Z. G. , and Seneviratne , A . 2003. S-MIP: A seamless handoff architecture for mobile IP . In Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). ]]Hsieh, R., Zhou, Z. G., and Seneviratne, A. 2003. S-MIP: A seamless handoff architecture for mobile IP. In Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2004.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"]]ITU-T. Recommendation G.114: One-Way Transmission Time. http:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC- G.114.  ]]ITU-T. Recommendation G.114: One-Way Transmission Time. http:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC- G.114."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"]]Kohler E. Handley M. and Floyd S. 2006. Datagram congestion control protocol (DCCP). RFC 4340 (proposed standard).  ]]Kohler E. Handley M. and Floyd S. 2006. Datagram congestion control protocol (DCCP). RFC 4340 (proposed standard).","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4340"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). 1543--1552","author":"Liu B.","key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"]] Liu , B. , Liu , Z. , and Towsley , D . 2003. On the capacity of hybrid wireless networks . In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). 1543--1552 . ]]Liu, B., Liu, Z., and Towsley, D. 2003. On the capacity of hybrid wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). 1543--1552."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/956981.956990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WOWMOM.2005.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"]]OpenWrt. 2010. OpenWrt. http:\/\/openwrt.org.  ]]OpenWrt. 2010. OpenWrt. http:\/\/openwrt.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"]]Plummer D. C. 1982. Ethernet address resolution protocol: Or converting network protocol addresses to 48.bit Ethernet address for transmission on Ethernet hardware. RFC826.   ]]Plummer D. C. 1982. Ethernet address resolution protocol: Or converting network protocol addresses to 48.bit Ethernet address for transmission on Ethernet hardware. RFC826.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc0826"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks (WiMesh).","author":"Ramachandran K. N.","key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"]] Ramachandran , K. N. , Buddhikot , M. M. , Chandranmenon , G. , Miller , S. , Belding-Royer , E. M. , and Almeroth , K. C . 2005. On the design and implementation of infrastructure mesh networks . In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks (WiMesh). ]]Ramachandran, K. N., Buddhikot, M. M., Chandranmenon, G., Miller, S., Belding-Royer, E. M., and Almeroth, K. C. 2005. On the design and implementation of infrastructure mesh networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks (WiMesh)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM).","author":"Ramani I.","key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"]] Ramani , I. and Savage , S . 2005. Syncscan: Practical fast handoff for 802.11 infrastructure networks . In Proceedings of the Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM). ]]Ramani, I. and Savage, S. 2005. Syncscan: Practical fast handoff for 802.11 infrastructure networks. In Proceedings of the Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'99)","author":"Ramjee R.","key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"]] Ramjee , R. , La Porta , T. , Thuel , S. , Varadhan , K. , and Wang , S . 1999. Hawaii: A domain-based approach for supporting mobility in wide-area wireless networks . In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'99) . 283--292. ]]Ramjee, R., La Porta, T., Thuel, S., Varadhan, K., and Wang, S. 1999. Hawaii: A domain-based approach for supporting mobility in wide-area wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'99). 283--292."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008830311723"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.825988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"]]SMesh. 2010. The SMesh wireless mesh network. http:\/\/www.smesh.org.  ]]SMesh. 2010. The SMesh wireless mesh network. http:\/\/www.smesh.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"]]Soliman H. Castelluccia C. K. M. and Bellier L. 2004. Hierarchical mobile ipv6 mobility management (hmipv6). IETF RFC 4140.  ]]Soliman H. Castelluccia C. K. M. and Bellier L. 2004. Hierarchical mobile ipv6 mobility management (hmipv6). IETF RFC 4140.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4140"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"]]Spines. 2010. The Spines overlay network. http:\/\/www.spines.org.  ]]Spines. 2010. The Spines overlay network. http:\/\/www.spines.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013739407600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/505754.505758"},{"volume-title":"Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, KTH","author":"Vatn J.-O.","key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"]] Vatn , J.-O. 2003. An experimental study of IEEE 802.11b handover performance and its effect on voice traffic. Tech. rep. TRITA-IMIT-TSLAB R 03:01 , Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, KTH , Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm, Sweden . ]]Vatn, J.-O. 2003. An experimental study of IEEE 802.11b handover performance and its effect on voice traffic. Tech. rep. TRITA-IMIT-TSLAB R 03:01, Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications. 3844--3848","author":"Velayos H.","key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"]] Velayos , H. and Karlsson , G . 2004. Techniques to reduce the ieee 802.11b handoff time . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications. 3844--3848 . ]]Velayos, H. and Karlsson, G. 2004. Techniques to reduce the ieee 802.11b handoff time. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications. 3844--3848."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/570645.570661"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1841313.1841314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1841313.1841314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:08:56Z","timestamp":1750248536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1841313.1841314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1841313.1841314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1841313.1841314","relation":{},"ISSN":["0734-2071","1557-7333"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0734-2071"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7333"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-09-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}