{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:26:54Z","timestamp":1785806814484,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000077","name":"Division of Social and Economic Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SES-0835601CCF-0641402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SES-0835601CCF-0641402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000143","name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SES-0835601CCF-0641402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SES-0835601CCF-0641402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a method for automated generation of building layouts for computer graphics applications. Our approach is motivated by the layout design process developed in architecture. Given a set of high-level requirements, an architectural program is synthesized using a Bayesian network trained on real-world data. The architectural program is realized in a set of floor plans, obtained through stochastic optimization. The floor plans are used to construct a complete three-dimensional building with internal structure. We demonstrate a variety of computer-generated buildings produced by the presented approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1882261.1866203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T20:18:10Z","timestamp":1291234690000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Computer-generated residential building layouts"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Merrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Schkufza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladlen","family":"Koltun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"752","article-title":"A novel type of skeleton for polygons","volume":"1","author":"Aichholzer O.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Alexander C. Ishikawa S. and Silverstein M. 1977. A Pattern Language: Towns Buildings Construction. Oxford University Press. Alexander C. Ishikawa S. and Silverstein M. 1977. A Pattern Language: Towns Buildings Construction. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(00)00099-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd S. and Vandenberghe L. 2004. Convex Optimization. Cambridge University Press. Boyd S. and Vandenberghe L. 2004. Convex Optimization. Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1356682.1356684"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Eruhimov V. Murphy K. and Bradski G. 2003. Intel's open-source probabilistic networks library. Eruhimov V. Murphy K. and Bradski G. 2003. Intel's open-source probabilistic networks library."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358800.358804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1984.4767596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/82.4.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1183316.1183342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heckerman D. 1999. A tutorial on learning with Bayesian networks. In Learning in Graphical Models M. I. Jordan Ed. MIT Press. Heckerman D. 1999. A tutorial on learning with Bayesian networks. In Learning in Graphical Models M. I. Jordan Ed. MIT Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5014-9_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Hillier B. and Hanson J. 1989. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press. Hillier B. and Hanson J. 1989. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Jacobson M. Silverstein M. and Winslow B. 2005. Patterns of Home. The Taunton Press. Jacobson M. Silverstein M. and Winslow B. 2005. Patterns of Home. The Taunton Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Kalay Y. E. 2004. Architecture's New Media: Principles Theories and Methods of Computer-Aided Design. MIT Press. Kalay Y. E. 2004. Architecture's New Media: Principles Theories and Methods of Computer-Aided Design. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Koller D. and Friedman N. 2009. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques. MIT Press. Koller D. and Friedman N. 2009. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/43.16806"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1988.tb01721.x","article-title":"Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their application to expert systems","volume":"50","author":"Lauritzen S. L.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778821"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(99)00005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"March L. and Steadman P. 1971. Spatial allocation procedures. In The Geometry of Environment. MIT Press ch. 13 303--317. March L. and Steadman P. 1971. Spatial allocation procedures. In The Geometry of Environment. MIT Press ch. 13 303--317.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429343346-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Martin J. 2005. Algorithmic beauty of buildings methods for procedural building generation. Computer Science Honors Thesis Trinity University. Martin J. 2005. Algorithmic beauty of buildings methods for procedural building generation. Computer Science Honors Thesis Trinity University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games.","author":"Martin J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03052150214016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Mitchell W. J. 1990. The Logic of Architecture: Design Computation and Cognition. MIT Press. Mitchell W. J. 1990. The Logic of Architecture: Design Computation and Cognition. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1179352.1141931"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/641480.641493"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Press W. H. Flannery B. P. Teukolsky S. A. and Vetterling W. T. 2007. Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press. Press W. H. Flannery B. P. Teukolsky S. A. and Vetterling W. T. 2007. Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarrafzadeh M. and Lee D. T. 1993. Algorithmic Aspects of VLSI Layout. World Scientific. Sarrafzadeh M. and Lee D. T. 1993. Algorithmic Aspects of VLSI Layout. World Scientific.","DOI":"10.1142\/2105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4485(94)90019-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(98)00054-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"A model for space allocation in complex buildings","volume":"7","author":"Shaviv E.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Build International"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Computability of Design","author":"Shaviv E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1795940"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Susanka S. 2001. The Not So Big House: A Blueprint for the Way We Really Live. The Taunton Press. Susanka S. 2001. The Not So Big House: A Blueprint for the Way We Really Live. The Taunton Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"The American Institute of Architects. 2007. Architectural Graphic Standards 11th ed. John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc. The American Institute of Architects. 2007. Architectural Graphic Standards 11th ed. John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531366"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Wertheimer L. 2009. Schematic Design. Kaplan Architecture Education. Wertheimer L. 2009. Schematic Design. Kaplan Architecture Education."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.34823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1661412.1618458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Wood H. 2007. Essential House Plan Collection: 1500 Best Selling Home Plans. Home Planners. Wood H. 2007. Essential House Plan Collection: 1500 Best Selling Home Plans. Home Planners."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2009.9"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1882261.1866203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1882261.1866203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:59:29Z","timestamp":1750244369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1882261.1866203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1882261.1866203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1882261.1866203","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-12-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}