{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:38:57Z","timestamp":1772602737977,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000077","name":"Division of Social and Economic Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SES-0121232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SES-0121232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2008 U.S. presidential election demonstrated the Internet is a major source of political information and expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1897852.1897881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T20:14:26Z","timestamp":1299010466000},"page":"117-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Internet electorate"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"R. Kelly","family":"Garrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Danziger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/515394"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics","author":"Chadwick A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chadwick , A. and Howard , P.N . Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics . Routledge , New York , 2009 . Chadwick, A. and Howard, P.N. Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics. Routledge, New York, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies","author":"Dalton R.J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalton , R.J. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies . CQ Press , Washington, D.C. , 2008 . Dalton, R.J. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. CQ Press, Washington, D.C., 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"An Economic Theory of Democracy","author":"Downs A.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Downs , A. An Economic Theory of Democracy . Harper & amp; Row, New York, 1957 . Downs, A. An Economic Theory of Democracy. Harper &amp; Row, New York, 1957."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439305282575"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","first-page":"2","volume":"9","author":"Garrett R.K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garrett , R.K. Protest in an information society: A review of literature on social movements and new ICTs . Information , Communication and Society 9 , 2 ( Apr. 2006 ), 202--224. Garrett, R.K. Protest in an information society: A review of literature on social movements and new ICTs. Information, Communication and Society 9, 2 (Apr. 2006), 202--224.","journal-title":"Communication and Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"CNN's YouTube debate draws impressive ratings","author":"Gough P.J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gough , P.J. CNN's YouTube debate draws impressive ratings . Thomson Reuters , 2007 ; http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSN2425835220070725 Gough, P.J. CNN's YouTube debate draws impressive ratings. Thomson Reuters, 2007; http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSN2425835220070725"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","first-page":"5","volume":"301","author":"Green J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green , J. The amazing money machine. The Atlantic Monthly 301 , 5 ( June 2008 ), 52--63. Green, J. The amazing money machine. The Atlantic Monthly 301, 5 (June 2008), 52--63.","journal-title":"The Atlantic Monthly"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Persuasion and Privacy in Cyberspace: The Online Protests Over Lotus Marketplace and the Clipper Chip","author":"Gurak L.J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gurak , L.J. Persuasion and Privacy in Cyberspace: The Online Protests Over Lotus Marketplace and the Clipper Chip . Yale University Press , New Haven, CT , 1997 . Gurak, L.J. Persuasion and Privacy in Cyberspace: The Online Protests Over Lotus Marketplace and the Clipper Chip. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","first-page":"1","volume":"134","author":"Hargittai E.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hargittai , E. , Gallo , J. , and Kane , M. Cross -ideological discussions among conservative and liberal bloggers. Public Choice 134 , 1 -- 2 ( Jan. 2008 ), 67--86. Hargittai, E., Gallo, J., and Kane, M. Cross-ideological discussions among conservative and liberal bloggers. Public Choice 134, 1--2 (Jan. 2008), 67--86.","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2009.01470.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"The Internet and Democratic Debate. Pew Internet &amp","author":"Horrigan J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Horrigan , J. , Garrett , K. , and Resnick , P . The Internet and Democratic Debate. Pew Internet &amp ; American Life Project , Washington, D.C. , 2004 . Horrigan, J., Garrett, K., and Resnick, P. The Internet and Democratic Debate. Pew Internet &amp; American Life Project, Washington, D.C., 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240601057528"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Personal Influence","author":"Katz E.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Katz , E. and Lazarsfeld , P.F . Personal Influence . Free Press , New York , 1955 . Katz, E. and Lazarsfeld, P.F. Personal Influence. Free Press, New York, 1955."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Internet's Broader Role in Campaign 2008: Social Networking and Online Videos Take Off","author":"Kohut A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kohut , A. , Doherty , C. , Dimock , M. , and Keeter , S . Internet's Broader Role in Campaign 2008: Social Networking and Online Videos Take Off . The Pew Research Center for the People &amp; the Press, Washington, D.C. , 2008 . Kohut, A., Doherty, C., Dimock, M., and Keeter, S. Internet's Broader Role in Campaign 2008: Social Networking and Online Videos Take Off. The Pew Research Center for the People &amp; the Press, Washington, D.C., 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0503_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511617201"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","first-page":"3","volume":"8","author":"Stromer-Galley J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stromer-Galley , J. Diversity of political conversation on the Internet: Users' perspectives. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8 , 3 ( Apr. 2003 ). Stromer-Galley, J. Diversity of political conversation on the Internet: Users' perspectives. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8, 3 (Apr. 2003).","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Princeton University Press","author":"Sunstein C.R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sunstein , C.R. Republic .com. Princeton University Press , Princeton, NJ , 2001 . Sunstein, C.R. Republic.com. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2001."}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1897852.1897881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1897852.1897881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:59:46Z","timestamp":1750244386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1897852.1897881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1897852.1897881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1897852.1897881","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}