{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T14:33:55Z","timestamp":1775054035163,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a novel model-based test case generation approach that automatically derives test cases from UML state machines. UML is given a two-layered formal semantics by (1) mapping UML class diagrams and state charts to Back's Action Systems, (2) by interpreting these action systems as labeled transition systems. The first semantics provides a formal framework to capture the object-oriented machinery: classes, objects, inheritance, transitions, time-outs, signals, nested and parallel regions. The second mapping represents the tester's view on the interface in terms of input and output actions. Tretman's input-output conformance relation (ioco) forms the basis of our fault models. Mutation analysis on the models is used to generate test cases. A car alarm system serves as a running example<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1921532.1921559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T12:40:16Z","timestamp":1300365616000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["UML in action"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Bernhard K.","family":"Aichernig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Technology, Graz University of Technology, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Technology, Graz University of Technology, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"J\u00f6bstl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Technology, Graz University of Technology, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willibald","family":"Krenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxeler Technologies, Ltd, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1939101.1939121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10373-5_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEFM.2007.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/552895.857366"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800221.806716"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stepwise refinement of action systems","volume":"12","author":"Back Ralph-Johan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Structured Programming"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646210.683591"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/786768.786981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Mathematics of Program Construction, LNCS 1422","author":"Bonsangue Marcello M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0096-0551(85)90011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01214622"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1775223.1775236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/C-M.1978.218136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Inc.","author":"Dijkstra Edsger W.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141277.1141709"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/987682.987865"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1977.231145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-004-0153-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"296","volume-title":"Proc. of SAICSIT 2003","author":"Kansomkeat Supaporn","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Proc. of Formal Methods for Components and Objects (FMCO)","author":"Krenn Willibald","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1134285.1134425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/647982.743544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"University of Queensland","author":"Stocks Philip Alan","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Jan Tretmans. Test generation with inputs outputs and repetitive quiescence. Software - Concepts and Tools 17(3):103--120 1996.  Jan Tretmans. Test generation with inputs outputs and repetitive quiescence. Software - Concepts and Tools 17(3):103--120 1996."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1921532.1921559","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1921532.1921559","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:08:41Z","timestamp":1750248521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1921532.1921559"}},"subtitle":["a two-layered interpretation for testing"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1921532.1921559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1921532.1921559","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5948"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-5948","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-01-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}