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We discuss opportunities and challenges in both in-school and after-school contexts. Based on these observations, we present a \"use-modify-create\" framework, representing three phases of students' cognitive and practical activity in computational thinking. We recommend continued investment in the development of CT-rich learning environments, in educators who can facilitate their use, and in research on the broader value of computational thinking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1929887.1929902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T19:22:23Z","timestamp":1350328943000},"page":"32-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":559,"title":["Computational thinking for youth in practice"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Denner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETR Associates, Scotts Valley, California"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Coulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Blood Research ScienceWorks for ME, Scarborough, Maine"}]},{"given":"Jeri","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Blood Research, Scarborough, Maine"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Malyn-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITEST Learning Resource Center, Newton Massachusetts"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Flow: The psychology of optimal experience","author":"Csikszentmihalyi M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Csikszentmihalyi , M. 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Washington DC : National Academies Press . National Academies of Science. (2010). Report of a workshop on the scope and nature of computational thinking. Washington DC: National Academies Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1352135.1352242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1254960.1254961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Seven Practices of Computational Thinking. Available online at http:\/\/csprinciples.cs.washington.edu\/sevenpractices.html accessed","author":"Snyder L.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Snyder , L. ( 2010 ). Seven Practices of Computational Thinking. Available online at http:\/\/csprinciples.cs.washington.edu\/sevenpractices.html accessed August 2, 2010. Snyder, L. (2010). Seven Practices of Computational Thinking. Available online at http:\/\/csprinciples.cs.washington.edu\/sevenpractices.html accessed August 2, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1118178.1118215"}],"container-title":["ACM Inroads"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1929887.1929902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1929887.1929902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T20:26:32Z","timestamp":1750278392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1929887.1929902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1929887.1929902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1929887.1929902","relation":{},"ISSN":["2153-2184","2153-2192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2153-2184","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-2192","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-02-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}