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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a new type of deformable model which combines the realism of physically-based continuum mechanics models and the usability of frame-based skinning methods. The degrees of freedom are coordinate frames. In contrast with traditional skinning, frame positions are not scripted but move in reaction to internal body forces. The displacement field is smoothly interpolated using dual quaternion blending. The deformation gradient and its derivatives are computed at each sample point of a deformed object and used in the equations of Lagrangian mechanics to achieve physical realism. This allows easy and very intuitive definition of the degrees of freedom of the deformable object. The meshless discretization allows on-the-fly insertion of frames to create local deformations where needed. We formulate the dynamics of these models in detail and describe some precomputations that can be used for speed. We show that our method is effective for behaviors ranging from simple unimodal deformations to complex realistic deformations comparable with Finite Element simulations. To encourage its use, the software will be freely available in the simulation platform SOFA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1944846.1944855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T12:48:53Z","timestamp":1304426933000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Frame-based elastic models"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gilles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Bousquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Grenoble, INRIA, LJK-CNRS, France"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Faure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Grenoble, INRIA, LJK-CNRS, France"}]},{"given":"Dinesh K.","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Animation. 77--86","author":"Adams B.","unstructured":"Adams , B. , Ovsjanikov , M. , Wand , M. , Seidel , H.-P. , and Guibas , L . 2008. Meshless modeling of deformable shapes and their motion . In Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Animation. 77--86 . Adams, B., Ovsjanikov, M., Wand, M., Seidel, H.-P., and Guibas, L. 2008. Meshless modeling of deformable shapes and their motion. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Animation. 77--86."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778819"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409060.1409118"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Large steps in cloth simulation","volume":"32","author":"Baraff D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baraff , D. and Witkin , A. 1998 . Large steps in cloth simulation . Comput. Graph. 32 , 106 -- 117 . Baraff, D. and Witkin, A. 1998. Large steps in cloth simulation. Comput. Graph. 32, 106--117.","journal-title":"Comput. 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