{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T21:24:40Z","timestamp":1774128280661,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Information retrieval systems traditionally rely on textual keywords to index and retrieve documents. Keyword-based retrieval may return inaccurate and incomplete results when different keywords are used to describe the same concept in the documents and in the queries. Furthermore, the relationship between these related keywords may be semantic rather than syntactic, and capturing it thus requires access to comprehensive human world knowledge. Concept-based retrieval methods have attempted to tackle these difficulties by using manually built thesauri, by relying on term cooccurrence data, or by extracting latent word relationships and concepts from a corpus. In this article we introduce a new concept-based retrieval approach based on Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), a recently proposed method that augments keyword-based text representation with concept-based features, automatically extracted from massive human knowledge repositories such as Wikipedia. Our approach generates new text features automatically, and we have found that high-quality feature selection becomes crucial in this setting to make the retrieval more focused. However, due to the lack of labeled data, traditional feature selection methods cannot be used, hence we propose new methods that use self-generated labeled training data. The resulting system is evaluated on several TREC datasets, showing superior performance over previous state-of-the-art results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1961209.1961211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T12:48:53Z","timestamp":1304426933000},"page":"1-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Concept-Based Information Retrieval Using Explicit Semantic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ofer","family":"Egozi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion---Israel Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"Shaul","family":"Markovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion---Israel Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Gabrilovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion---Israel Institute of Technology"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-8). 637--644","author":"Allan J.","unstructured":"Allan , J. , Callan , J. , Feng , F.-F. , and Malin , D . 1999. Inquery and trec-8 . In Proceedings of the 8th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-8). 637--644 . Allan, J., Callan, J., Feng, F.-F., and Malin, D. 1999. Inquery and trec-8. In Proceedings of the 8th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-8). 637--644."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1571941.1572070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390334.1390517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1645953.1646031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Database Conference. Australian Computer Society, 69--76","author":"Billerbeck B.","unstructured":"Billerbeck , B. and Zobel , J . 2004. Questioning query expansion: An examination of behaviour and parameters . In Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Database Conference. Australian Computer Society, 69--76 . Billerbeck, B. and Zobel, J. 2004. Questioning query expansion: An examination of behaviour and parameters. In Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Database Conference. Australian Computer Society, 69--76."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-17)","author":"Buckley C.","unstructured":"Buckley , C. and Robertson , S . 2008. Relevance feedback track overview: Trec 2008 . In Proceedings of the 17th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-17) . Buckley, C. and Robertson, S. 2008. Relevance feedback track overview: Trec 2008. In Proceedings of the 17th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-17)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/188490.188589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 830--835","author":"Chang M.-W.","unstructured":"Chang , M.-W. , Ratinov , L. , Roth , D. , and Srikumar , V . 2008. Importance of semantic representation: Dataless classification . In Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 830--835 . Chang, M.-W., Ratinov, L., Roth, D., and Srikumar, V. 2008. Importance of semantic representation: Dataless classification. In Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 830--835."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combining Approaches to Information Retrieval. Kluwer Academic Publishers","volume":"1","author":"Croft B. W.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Croft , B. W. 2000 . Combining Approaches to Information Retrieval. Kluwer Academic Publishers , Chapter 1 , 1 -- 36 . Croft, B. W. 2000. Combining Approaches to Information Retrieval. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Chapter 1, 1--36.","journal-title":"Chapter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/564376.564429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6<391::AID-ASI1>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-2). 105--116","author":"Dumais S. T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dumais , S. T. 1994 . Latent semantic indexing (lsi) and trec-2 . In Proceedings of the 2nd Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-2). 105--116 . Dumais, S. T. 1994. Latent semantic indexing (lsi) and trec-2. In Proceedings of the 2nd Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-2). 105--116."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 1132--1137","author":"Egozi O.","unstructured":"Egozi , O. , Gabrilovich , E. , and Markovitch , S . 2008. Concept-Based feature generation and selection for information retrieval . In Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 1132--1137 . Egozi, O., Gabrilovich, E., and Markovitch, S. 2008. Concept-Based feature generation and selection for information retrieval. In Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 1132--1137."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2). 243--252","author":"Fox E. A.","unstructured":"Fox , E. A. and Shaw , J. A . 1994. Combination of multiple searches . In Proceedings of the 2nd Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2). 243--252 . Fox, E. A. and Shaw, J. A. 1994. Combination of multiple searches. In Proceedings of the 2nd Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2). 243--252."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 549--564","author":"Fuller M.","unstructured":"Fuller , M. , Kaszkiel , M. , Kimberley , S. , Ng , C. , Wilkinson , R. , Wu , M. , and Zobel , J . 1999. The rmit\/csiro ad hoc, q&amp;amp;a, web, interactive, and speech experiments at trec 8 . In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 549--564 . Fuller, M., Kaszkiel, M., Kimberley, S., Ng, C., Wilkinson, R., Wu, M., and Zobel, J. 1999. The rmit\/csiro ad hoc, q&amp;amp;a, web, interactive, and speech experiments at trec 8. In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 549--564."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/32206.32212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI&amp;#8217;05)","author":"Gabrilovich E.","unstructured":"Gabrilovich , E. and Markovitch , S . 2005. Feature generation for text categorization using world knowledge . In Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI&amp;#8217;05) . Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1048--1053. Gabrilovich, E. and Markovitch, S. 2005. Feature generation for text categorization using world knowledge. In Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI&amp;#8217;05). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1048--1053."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI&amp;#8217;06)","author":"Gabrilovich E.","unstructured":"Gabrilovich , E. and Markovitch , S . 2006. Overcoming the brittleness bottleneck using wikipedia: Enhancing text categorization with encyclopedic knowledge . In Proceedings of the 21st National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI&amp;#8217;06) . AAAI Press, 1301--1306. Gabrilovich, E. and Markovitch, S. 2006. Overcoming the brittleness bottleneck using wikipedia: Enhancing text categorization with encyclopedic knowledge. In Proceedings of the 21st National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI&amp;#8217;06). AAAI Press, 1301--1306."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI&amp;#8217;07)","author":"Gabrilovich E.","unstructured":"Gabrilovich , E. and Markovitch , S . 2007. Computing semantic relatedness using wikipedia-based explicit semantic analysis . In Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI&amp;#8217;07) . Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1606--1611. Gabrilovich, E. and Markovitch, S. 2007. Computing semantic relatedness using wikipedia-based explicit semantic analysis. In Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI&amp;#8217;07). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1606--1611."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Keyconcept: A conceptual search engine. Tech. rep. TR-8646-37","author":"Gauch S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gauch , S. , Madrid , J. M. , Induri , S. , Ravindran , D. , and Chadlavada , S . 2003 . Keyconcept: A conceptual search engine. Tech. rep. TR-8646-37 , University of Kansas. Gauch, S., Madrid, J. M., Induri, S., Ravindran, D., and Chadlavada, S. 2003. Keyconcept: A conceptual search engine. Tech. rep. TR-8646-37, University of Kansas."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet for NLP.","author":"Gonzalo J.","unstructured":"Gonzalo , J. , Verdejo , F. , Chugur , I. , and Cigarrin , J . 1998. Indexing with wordnet synsets can improve text retrieval . In Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet for NLP. Gonzalo, J., Verdejo, F., Chugur, I., and Cigarrin, J. 1998. Indexing with wordnet synsets can improve text retrieval. In Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet for NLP."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2005.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"-A","author":"Gupta R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gupta , R. and Ratinov , L . -A . 2008 . Text categorization with knowledge transfer from heterogeneous data sources. In Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press , 842--847. Gupta, R. and Ratinov, L.-A. 2008. Text categorization with knowledge transfer from heterogeneous data sources. In Proceedings of the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 842--847."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). The Association for Computer Linguistics, 1032--1039","author":"Gurevych I.","unstructured":"Gurevych , I. , Muller , C. , and Zesch , T . 2007. What to be? - Electronic career guidance based on semantic relatedness . In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). The Association for Computer Linguistics, 1032--1039 . Gurevych, I., Muller, C., and Zesch, T. 2007. What to be? - Electronic career guidance based on semantic relatedness. In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). The Association for Computer Linguistics, 1032--1039."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/944919.944968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 307--316","author":"Hawking D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hawking , D. 1999 . Acsys trec-8 experiments . In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 307--316 . Hawking, D. 1999. Acsys trec-8 experiments. In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 307--316."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/312624.312649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2006.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Machine Learning. 121--129","author":"John G. H.","unstructured":"John , G. H. , Kohavi , R. , and Pfleger , K . 1994. Irrelevant features and the subset selection problem . In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Machine Learning. 121--129 . John, G. H., Kohavi, R., and Pfleger, K. 1994. Irrelevant features and the subset selection problem. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Machine Learning. 121--129."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-17)","author":"Kaptein R.","unstructured":"Kaptein , R. , Kamps , J. , and Hiemstra , D . 2008. The impact of positive, negative and topical relevance feedback . In Proceedings of the 17th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-17) . Kaptein, R., Kamps, J., and Hiemstra, D. 2008. The impact of positive, negative and topical relevance feedback. In Proceedings of the 17th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-17)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1532-2890(2000)9999:9999%3C::AID-ASI1075%3E3.3.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-8). 217--228","author":"Kwok K. L.","unstructured":"Kwok , K. L. , Grunfeld , L. , and Chan , M . 1999. Trec-8 ad-hoc, query and filtering track experiments using pircs . In Proceedings of the 8th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-8). 217--228 . Kwok, K. L., Grunfeld, L., and Chan, M. 1999. Trec-8 ad-hoc, query and filtering track experiments using pircs. In Proceedings of the 8th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-8). 217--228."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/215206.215358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143917"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on User-Contributed Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence: An Evolving Synergy (WikiAI&amp;#8217;09)","author":"Liberman S.","unstructured":"Liberman , S. and Markovitch , S . 2009. Compact hierarchical explicit semantic representation . In Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on User-Contributed Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence: An Evolving Synergy (WikiAI&amp;#8217;09) . Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Liberman, S. and Markovitch, S. 2009. Compact hierarchical explicit semantic representation. In Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on User-Contributed Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence: An Evolving Synergy (WikiAI&amp;#8217;09). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/584792.584854"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1066677.1066922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet in Natural Language Processing Systems. 31--37","author":"Mandala R.","unstructured":"Mandala , R. , Takenobu , T. , and Hozumi , T . 1998. The use of wordnet in information retrieval . In Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet in Natural Language Processing Systems. 31--37 . Mandala, R., Takenobu, T., and Hozumi, T. 1998. The use of wordnet in information retrieval. In Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet in Natural Language Processing Systems. 31--37."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijl\/3.4.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1321440.1321504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/290941.290995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCC.2005.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th European Conference on IR Research (ECIR). Springer, 522--530","author":"Potthast M.","unstructured":"Potthast , M. , Stein , B. , and Anderka , M . 2008. A wikipedia-based multilingual retrieval model . In Proceedings of the 30th European Conference on IR Research (ECIR). Springer, 522--530 . Potthast, M., Stein, B., and Anderka, M. 2008. A wikipedia-based multilingual retrieval model. In Proceedings of the 30th European Conference on IR Research (ECIR). Springer, 522--530."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/160688.160713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022643204877"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 151--162","author":"Robertson S. E.","unstructured":"Robertson , S. E. and Walker , S . 1999. Okapi\/keenbow at trec-8 . In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 151--162 . Robertson, S. E. and Walker, S. 1999. Okapi\/keenbow at trec-8. In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 151--162."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"The SMART Retrieval System: Experiments in Automatic Document Processing","author":"Rocchio J. J.","unstructured":"Rocchio , J. J. 1971. Relevance feedback in information retrieval . In The SMART Retrieval System: Experiments in Automatic Document Processing , G. Salton Ed., Prentice Hall , Englewood Cliffs, NJ , 313--323. Rocchio, J. J. 1971. Relevance feedback in information retrieval. In The SMART Retrieval System: Experiments in Automatic Document Processing, G. Salton Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 313--323."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888903000638"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199006)41:4<288::AID-ASI8>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009933700147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval. 161--175","author":"Schuetze H.","unstructured":"Schuetze , H. and Pedersen , J. O . 1995. Information retrieval based on word senses . In Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval. 161--175 . Schuetze, H. and Pedersen, J. O. 1995. Information retrieval based on word senses. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval. 161--175."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 317--330","author":"Singhal A.","unstructured":"Singhal , A. , Abney , S. , Bacchiani , M. , Collins , M. , Hindle , D. , and Pereira , F . 1999. At&amp;amp;t at trec-8 . In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 317--330 . Singhal, A., Abney, S., Bacchiani, M., Collins, M., Hindle, D., and Pereira, F. 1999. At&amp;amp;t at trec-8. In Proceedings of the 8th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). 317--330."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258525.258530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Singhal A. Salton G. Mitra M. and Buckley C. 1995. Document length normalization. Tech. rep. TR95-1529 Cornell University Ithaca NY.   Singhal A. Salton G. Mitra M. and Buckley C. 1995. Document length normalization. Tech. rep. TR95-1529 Cornell University Ithaca NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Working Notes for the CLEF 2008 Workshop.","author":"Sorg P.","unstructured":"Sorg , P. and Cimiano , P . 2008. Cross-lingual information retrieval with explicit semantic analysis . In Working Notes for the CLEF 2008 Workshop. Sorg, P. and Cimiano, P. 2008. Cross-lingual information retrieval with explicit semantic analysis. In Working Notes for the CLEF 2008 Workshop."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/860435.860466"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009980820262"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/160688.160715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/188490.188508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1148170.1148204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/333135.333138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/957013.957087"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann, 412--420","author":"Yang Y.","unstructured":"Yang , Y. and Pedersen , J. O . 1997. A comparative study on feature selection in text categorization . In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann, 412--420 . Yang, Y. and Pedersen, J. O. 1997. A comparative study on feature selection in text categorization. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann, 412--420."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00958-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11735106_39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/290941.291014"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1961209.1961211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1961209.1961211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:59:50Z","timestamp":1750244390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1961209.1961211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1961209.1961211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1961209.1961211","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-8188","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}