{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:27:48Z","timestamp":1750307268519,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF CCF-0844557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF CCF-0844557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000143","name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF CCF-0844557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF CCF-0844557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000028","name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRC GRC 2009-HJ_1836.0152009-HJ_1836.017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRC GRC 2009-HJ_1836.0152009-HJ_1836.017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Power dissipation has become a critical design constraint for the growth of modern multicore systems due to increasing clock frequencies, leakage currents, and system parasitics. To overcome this urgent crisis, this article presents an embedded platform for on-chip power management of a multicore System-on-Chip (SoC). The design involves the development of two key components, from the hardware to the software level. From the hardware perspective, a multiple-supply power management unit is proposed and is implemented using a Single-Inductor Multiple-Output (SIMO) DC-DC converter. To dynamically respond to the sensed instantaneous power demands and to accurately control the power delivery to the processor cores, the power management unit employs a software-defined adaptive global\/local power allocation feedback controller. The proposed controller is designed using the hardware-software codesign methodology to uniquely control the SIMO converter during various operation scenarios. This is achieved using several embedded software control algorithms that operate synergetically to ensure efficient and reliable system operation. The hardware-software codesign technique also allows the SIMO controller to be integrated with future microprocessor cores. Therefore, by employing the vast amount of on-chip resources, the converter can perform effective power processing to provide the most power-optimal voltages at the hardware level. Such an embedded power management module leads to an integrated, power-aware, and autonomous SoC design that is independent of additional external hardware control, thereby reducing on-chip area and system complexity. In this design, each power output from the SIMO converter provides a step-up\/down voltage conversion, thereby enabling a wide range of variable supply voltage. An adaptive global\/local power allocation control algorithm is employed to significantly improve Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) tracking speed and line\/load regulation, while still retaining low cross-regulation. Designed with a 180nm CMOS process, the converter precisely provides three independently variable power outputs from 0.9 V to 3.0 V, with a total power range from 33 mW to 900 mW. A very fast load transient response of 3.25\n            <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n            s is achieved, in response to a 67.5-mA full-step load current change. The design thus provides a cost-effective power management solution to achieve a robust, fast-transient, DVFS-compatible multicore SoC.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1970353.1970364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,14]],"date-time":"2011-06-14T14:44:54Z","timestamp":1308062694000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hardware-Software Codesign of an Embedded Multiple-Supply Power Management Unit for Multicore SoCs Using an Adaptive Global\/Local Power Allocation and Processing Scheme"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rajdeep","family":"Bondade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Dallas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Dallas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2009.2014206"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. 2115--2119","author":"Benadero L.","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). 961--964","author":"Bondade R.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"volume-title":"IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. 526--527","author":"Bonizzoni E.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burd T. D. and Brodersen R. W. 2002. Energy Efficient Microprocessor Design Norwell MA. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Burd T. D. and Brodersen R. W. 2002. Energy Efficient Microprocessor Design Norwell MA. Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0875-5"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. 294--295","author":"Burd T.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/92.645070"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. 1236--1239","author":"Cheng W. H.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/92.845892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Erickson R. W. and Maksimovic D. 2001. Fundamentals of Power Electronics 2nd Ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers Norwell MA. Erickson R. W. and Maksimovic D. 2001. Fundamentals of Power Electronics 2nd Ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers Norwell MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"ITRS. 2007. ITRS Executive summary: Grand challenges. http:\/\/www.itrs.net. ITRS . 2007. ITRS Executive summary: Grand challenges. http:\/\/www.itrs.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/774572.774629"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium On Quality Electronic Design. 190--193","author":"Kahng A. B.","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Design. 84--90","author":"Keutzer K.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 226--231","author":"Ki W. H.","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775832.775867"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. 534--535","author":"Le H. P.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"075","article-title":"Single inductor multiple output boost regulator","volume":"6","author":"Li T.","year":"2000","journal-title":"U.S. Patent"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium Industrial Electronics. 142--147","author":"Luo F.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. 534--535","author":"Ma D.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2003.811976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2002.806279"},{"edition":"3","volume-title":"A Treatise in Electricity and Magnetism","author":"Maxwell J. C.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. 272--503","author":"Nowka K.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.661212"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS). 683--687","author":"Wu S.","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1086228.1086274"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1970353.1970364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1970353.1970364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:52:53Z","timestamp":1750243973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1970353.1970364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1970353.1970364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1970353.1970364","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1084-4309"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7309"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}