{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T20:06:52Z","timestamp":1779048412085,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":90,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]],"date-time":"2011-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1980022.1980163","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T08:59:14Z","timestamp":1305622754000},"page":"652-657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Off-line signature verification systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Blumenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Novel Features for Offline Signature Verification","volume":"06","author":"Majhi B.","unstructured":"B. Majhi, Y. S. Reddy, D. P. Babu, \"Novel Features for Offline Signature Verification\", IJCCC- 06, Vol. I., pp. 17--24.","journal-title":"IJCCC-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2005.249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1698924.1699016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSHS.2005.1502546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"2725","article-title":"Fusion of Static Image and Dynamic Information for Signature Verification","author":"Fernandez F. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"F. A. Fernandez, J. Fierrez, M. M. Diaz, J. O. Garcia, \"Fusion of Static Image and Dynamic Information for Signature Verification\", ICIP-2009, pp. 2725--2728.","journal-title":"ICIP-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"WOCC-2010","author":"Ling Xue","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xue Ling, Yunhong Wang, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Yiding Wang, \"On-line signature verification based on Gabor features\", WOCC-2010, 2010, pp. 1--4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AQTR.2010.5520735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCET.2009.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Offline signature verification and identification using distance statistics","author":"Kalera M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. Kalera, S. Srihari, and A. Xu. \"Offline signature verification and identification using distance statistics\", IJPRAI- 2004, pp. 1339--1360.","journal-title":"IJPRAI-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. T. Das L. C. Dulger Off-line signature verification with PSO-NN algorithm ISCIS-2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIS.2007.4456842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","first-page":"2948","volume-title":"IEEE Conf. on NN","author":"Pottier I.","year":"1994","unstructured":"I. Pottier and G. Burel, \"Identification and Authentication of Handwritten Signatures with a Connectionist Approach\", IEEE Conf. on NN, pp. 2948--2951, July 1994."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00061-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"February","author":"Abbas R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"R. Abbas and V. Ciesielski, \"A Prototype System for Offline Signature Verification Using Multilayered Feed forward Neural Networks\", February 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition Technologies and Applications: Recent Advances. IGI Global","author":"Batista L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"L. Batista, D. Rivard, R. Sabourin, E. Granger, and P. Maupin. State of the art in off-line signature verification. In B. Verma and M. Blumenstein, editors, Pattern Recognition Technologies and Applications: Recent Advances. IGI Global, 1st edition, 2007.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2004.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","first-page":"536","volume-title":"ICIMA","author":"Weiping H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"H. Weiping, Y. Xiufen and W. Kejun, \"A survey of offline signature verification\", ICIMA 2004, pp. 536--541."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00222-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1304596.1304886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"An Efficient Off line Signature Identification Method Based On Fourier Descriptor and Chain Codes","author":"Ismail I. A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"I. A. Ismail, M. A. Ramadan, T. S. El-Danaf and A. H. Samak, \"An Efficient Off line Signature Identification Method Based On Fourier Descriptor and Chain Codes\", 2010, (IJCSNS-2010), VOL. 10 No. 5, pp. 29--35."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"ICDAR","volume":"1","author":"Justino E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"E. Justino, E. Bortolozzi, R Saburin, \" Off-line Signature Verification Using HMM for Random, Simple and Skilled Forgeries,\" ICDAR 2001, vol. 1, pp. 105--110."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"66","volume-title":"2009 Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications","author":"Balbed M. A. M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"M. A. M. Balbed, S. M. S. Ahmad, A. Shakil, \"ANOVA-Based Feature Analysis and Selection in HMM-Based Offline Signature Verification System\", 2009 Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications, 2009, (CITISIA-2009). pp. 66--69."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUC.2008.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Symposium on Information Technology, 2008","author":"Ahmad S. M. S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. M. S. Ahmad, A. Shakil, M. A. M. Balbed, \"Study on the Effect of Number of Training Samples on HMM Based Offline and Online Signature Verification Systems\", International Symposium on Information Technology, 2008, (ITSIM 2008), pp. Page(s): 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"7th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Applied Computer &amp; Applied Computational Science (ACACOS-2008)","author":"Ahmad S. M. S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. M. S. Ahmad, A. Shakil, M. A. M. Balbed, \"Offline Signature Verification System using Hidden Markov Model in MATLAB Environment\", 7th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Applied Computer &amp; Applied Computational Science (ACACOS-2008), 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biometrics Symposium","author":"Fernandez F. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"F. A. Fernandez, M. C. Fairhurst, J. Fierrez and J O. Garcia, \"Impact Of Signature Legibility and Signature type in Off-line Signature Verification\", Biometrics Symposium, 2007, pp. 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSHS.2005.1502546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11569596_55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1986381.1986412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Journal of Computers","volume":"8","author":"McCabe A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"A. McCabe, J. Trevathan and W. Read Neural Network-based Handwritten Signature Verification, Journal of Computers, 2008, vol. 8, Issue 3."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIS.2007.4456842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Comparative Study of Feature Extraction Methods with K-NN for Off Line Signature Verification","author":"Mahar J. A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. A. Mahar, M. H. Mahar, M. K. Khan, \"Comparative Study of Feature Extraction Methods with K-NN for Off Line Signature Verification\", International conformance on emerging Technologies, 2006, pp. 115--120.","journal-title":"International conformance on emerging Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","first-page":"2539","article-title":"Off-line signature verification using writer-independent approach","author":"Oliveira L. S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"L. S. Oliveira, E. Justino, and R. Sabourin, \"Off-line signature verification using writer-independent approach,\" IJCNN-2007, pp. 2539--2544.","journal-title":"IJCNN-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Paper presented at the European Signal Processing Conference","author":"Ozgunduz E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"E. Ozgunduz, T. Senturk and E. Karsligil, \"Off-line signature verification and recognition by support vector machine\", Paper presented at the European Signal Processing Conference, 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2005.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"A Systematic Comparison Between On-line and Off-line Methods for Signature Verification with HMM","author":"Rigoll G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"G. Rigoll, A. Kosmala, \"A Systematic Comparison Between On-line and Off-line Methods for Signature Verification with HMM,\" PR-1998, vol.2, pp. 1755--1757.","journal-title":"PR-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACT.2009.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Schafer S. Viriri \"An Off-Line Signature Verification System\" 2009 (ICSIPA-2009) pp. 95--100.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIPA.2009.5478727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"23rd International Conference on Image and Vision Computing, (IVCNZ-2008)","author":"Larkins Robert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robert Larkins, Michael Mayo, \"Adaptive Feature Thresholding for Off-line Signature Verification\", 23rd International Conference on Image and Vision Computing, (IVCNZ-2008), 2008, pp, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2005.848155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2006.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2008.4811289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2007.4378968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2007.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2008.923866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Conference on e-business and Information System Security","author":"Chen Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jun-wen Ji, Chuan-bo Chen and Xiao-su Chen, \"Off-line Chinese Signature Verification Using Weighting Factor on Similarity Computation\", International Conference on e-business and Information System Security 2010, pp. 1--4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering\"","author":"Chen Ji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jun-wen Ji and Xiao-su Chen,\"Off-line Chinese Signature Verification Segmentation and Feature Extraction\", International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering\", 2009, pp. 1--4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2006.1714006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","first-page":"787","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference_Mechatronics and Automation, 2005","author":"Ye Xiufen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiufen Ye, Weiping Hou, Weixing Feng, \"Off-line Handwritten Signature Verification With Inflections Feature\", IEEE International Conference_Mechatronics and Automation, 2005, (ICMA-2005), pp. 787--792."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1800488.1800550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/938980.939524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSPIT.2008.4775712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.642983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSP.2009.5278571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD.2007.460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"23rd International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences","author":"Kovari Bence","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bence Kovari, Gergely Kiss, and Istvan Albert, \"Stroke Matching for Off-line Signature Verification based on Bounding Rectangles\", 23rd International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences, 2008, pp. 1--5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","first-page":"8","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems","author":"Jayadevan R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"R. Jayadevan, S. Shaila and P. M Patil, \"Verification of Hand Printed Signature Images Using Discrete Dyadic Wavelet Transform\", IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2007, pp. 8--11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Off-line Arabic Signature Recognition and Verification","author":"Ismail M. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"M. A. Ismail, Samia Gad, \"Off-line Arabic Signature Recognition and Verification\", PR-2000, pp. 1727--1740.","journal-title":"PR-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Piekarczyk \"Hierarchical Random Graph Model for Off-line Handwritten Signatures Recognition\" 2006 (ICCISIS- 2010) pp. 860--865. 10.1109\/CISIS.2010.132","DOI":"10.1109\/CISIS.2010.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Off-line Chinese Signature Verification: Using Weighting Factor on Similarity Computation","author":"Ji","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ji Jun-wen, Chen Chuan-bo, Chen Xiao-su \"Off-line Chinese Signature Verification: Using Weighting Factor on Similarity Computation\", (ICEBISS-2010), pp. 1--4.","journal-title":"(ICEBISS-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Armand M. Blumenstein V. Muthukkumarasamy \"Off-line Signature Verification using the Enhanced Modified Direction Feature and Neural-based Classification\" 2006 (IJCNN-2006) pp. 684--691.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2006.246750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSIE.2009.973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2007.4371358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo","author":"Yizheng T. Wei Q.","year":"2007","unstructured":"T. Wei Q. Yizheng, M. Zhiqiang, \"Off-line Signature Verification Based on Fuzzy Modelling with the Optimal Number of Rules\", IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2007, 1435--1438."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maya V. Karki K. Indira Dr. S. Sethu Selvi \"Off-Line Signature Recognition and Verification using Neural Network\" 2007 (ICCIMA-2007) pp. 307--312. 10.1109\/ICCIMA.2007.311","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIMA.2007.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00222-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2005.249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2007.4284930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"ECSE 526 - Artificial Intelligence","author":"Audet S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"S. Audet, P. Bansal, and S. Baskaran, \"Off-line signature verification using virtual support vector machines\", ECSE 526 - Artificial Intelligence, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Conference on Fusion at the Feature Level for Person Verification Based on Off Line Handwriting and Signature\", 2008","author":"Khalifa Anouar Ben","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anouar Ben Khalifa, Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, \"2nd International Conference on Fusion at the Feature Level for Person Verification Based on Off Line Handwriting and Signature\", 2008, (ICSCS-2008), pp. 1--5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INES.2007.4283679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Robust Offline Signature Verification Based On Global Features","author":"Ramachandra A. C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"A. C. Ramachandra, J. S. Rao, K. B. Raja, K. R. Venugopla, L. M. Patnaik, \"Robust Offline Signature Verification Based On Global Features\", (IACC-2009), pp. 1173--78.","journal-title":"(IACC-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1800488.1800550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. N Prakash D. S. Guru \"Relative Orientations of Geometric Centroids for Off-line Signature Verification\" 2009 (ICAPR -2009) pp. 201--204. 10.1109\/ICAPR.2009.28","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAPR.2009.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Offline Signature Verification: A New Rotation Invariant Approach","author":"Wen J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"J. Wen, B. Fang, Y. Y. Tang and T. P. Zhang, \"Offline Signature Verification: A New Rotation Invariant Approach\", 2007, (ICSMC-2007), PP: 3583--3587."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2007.118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAL.2007.4338820"}],"event":{"name":"ICWET '11: International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology","location":"Mumbai Maharashtra India","acronym":"ICWET '11","sponsor":["Thakur College Of Engg. & Tech Thakur College Of Engineering & Technology","SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the International Conference &amp; Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1980022.1980163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1980022.1980163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T19:37:43Z","timestamp":1779046663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1980022.1980163"}},"subtitle":["a survey"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1980022.1980163","10.1145\/1980022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1980022.1980163","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}