{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:36:58Z","timestamp":1773218218754,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents a second-order derivative-based audio steganalysis. First, Mel-cepstrum coefficients and Markov transition features from the second-order derivative of the audio signal are extracted; a support vector machine is then applied to the features for discovering the existence of hidden data in digital audio streams. Also, the relation between audio signal complexity and steganography detection accuracy, which is an issue relevant to audio steganalysis performance evaluation but so far has not been explored, is analyzed experimentally. Results demonstrate that, in comparison with a recently proposed signal stream-based Mel-cepstrum method, the second-order derivative-based audio steganalysis method gains a considerable advantage under all categories of signal complexity--especially for audio streams with high signal complexity, which are generally the most challenging for steganalysis-and thereby significantly improves the state of the art in audio steganalysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2000486.2000492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T15:10:32Z","timestamp":1315321832000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Derivative-based audio steganalysis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Qingzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Dakota School of Mines and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2005.862152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Bogert B. Healy M. and Tukey J. 1963. The frequency analysis of times series for echoes: cepstrum pseudoautocovariance cross-cepstrum and saphe cracking. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Time Series Analysis.  Bogert B. Healy M. and Tukey J. 1963. The frequency analysis of times series for echoes: cepstrum pseudoautocovariance cross-cepstrum and saphe cracking. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Time Series Analysis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'02)","author":"Farid H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Farid , H. 2002 . Detecting hidden messages using higher-order statistical models . In Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'02) . 905--908. Farid, H. 2002. Detecting hidden messages using higher-order statistical models. 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