{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:59:03Z","timestamp":1763017143380,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Web"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Today\u2019s Web provides many different functionalities, including communication, entertainment, social networking, and information retrieval. In this article, we analyze traces of HTTP activity from a large enterprise and from a large university to identify and characterize Web-based service usage. Our work provides an initial methodology for the analysis of Web-based services. While it is nontrivial to identify the classes, instances, and providers for each transaction, our results show that most of the traffic comes from a small subset of providers, which can be classified manually. Furthermore, we assess both qualitatively and quantitatively how the Web has evolved over the past decade, and discuss the implications of these changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2019643.2019646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T12:23:05Z","timestamp":1319545385000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Characterizing Organizational Use of Web-Based Services"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Phillipa","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Arlitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs and University of Calgary"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Mahanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICTA"}]},{"given":"Carey","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Adamic L. 2009. Zipf power-laws and Pareto - a ranking tutorial. http:\/\/www.hpl.hp.com\/research\/idl\/papers\/ranking\/ranking.html. Adamic L. 2009. Zipf power-laws and Pareto - a ranking tutorial. http:\/\/www.hpl.hp.com\/research\/idl\/papers\/ranking\/ranking.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Zipf\u2019s law and the Internet","volume":"3","author":"Adamic L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adamic , L. and Huberman , B. 2002 . Zipf\u2019s law and the Internet . Glottometrics 3 , 143 -- 150 . Adamic, L. and Huberman, B. 2002. Zipf\u2019s law and the Internet. Glottometrics 3, 143--150.","journal-title":"Glottometrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/332944.332951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Atkinson K. 2008. Kevin\u2019s word list page (12 dicts package). http:\/\/wordlist.sourceforge.net\/. Atkinson K. 2008. Kevin\u2019s word list page (12 dicts package). http:\/\/wordlist.sourceforge.net\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1239971.1239973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-006-0224-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/179606.179671"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM.","author":"Breslau L.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Breslau , L. , Cao , P. , Fan , L. , Phillips , G. , and Shenker , S . 1999. Web caching and Zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications . In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM. Breslau, L., Cao, P., Fan, L., Phillips, G., and Shenker, S. 1999. Web caching and Zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Bro Intrusion Detection System. 2008. http:\/\/www.bro-ids.org\/. Bro Intrusion Detection System . 2008. http:\/\/www.bro-ids.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/070710111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cormode G. and Krishnamurthy B. 2008. Key differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. First Monday. Cormode G. and Krishnamurthy B. 2008. Key differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. First Monday .","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v13i6.2125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.650143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Cunha C. Bestavros A. and Crovella M. 1995. Characteristics of world wide Web client-based traces. Tech. rep. BUCS-TR-1995-010 Computer Science Department Boston University Boston MA. Cunha C. Bestavros A. and Crovella M. 1995. Characteristics of world wide Web client-based traces. Tech. rep. BUCS-TR-1995-010 Computer Science Department Boston University Boston MA."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS).","author":"Duska B.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Duska , B. , Marwood , D. , and Freeley , M . 1997. The measured access characteristics of world wide Web client proxy caches . In Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS). Duska, B., Marwood, D., and Freeley, M. 1997. The measured access characteristics of world wide Web client proxy caches. In Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775152.775246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7552(94)90130-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Google Apps Education Edition. 2009. http:\/\/www.google.com\/educators\/p_apps.html. Google Apps Education Edition . 2009. http:\/\/www.google.com\/educators\/p_apps.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645804.669671"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/511446.511484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1135777.1135829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177088"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526782"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(02)00022-5"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Conference (Poster).","author":"Li W.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Li , W. , Moore , A. , and Canini , M . 2008. Classifying http traffic in the new age . In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Conference (Poster). Li, W., Moore, A., and Canini, M. 2008. Classifying http traffic in the new age. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Conference (Poster)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.844496"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manning C. Raghavan P. and Sch\u00fctze H. 2009. An Introduction to Information Retrieval. Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK. Manning C. Raghavan P. and Sch\u00fctze H. 2009. An Introduction to Information Retrieval . Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809071"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00107510500052444"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Qi X. and Davison B. 2007. Web page classification: Features and algorithms. Tech. rep. LU-CSE-07-010 Lehigh University. Qi X. and Davison B. 2007. Web page classification: Features and algorithms. Tech. rep. LU-CSE-07-010 Lehigh University."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement (PAM).","author":"Schneider F.","key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Schneider , F. , Agarwal , S. , Alpcan , T. , and Feldmann , A . 2008. The new Web: Characterizing Ajax traffic . In Proceedings of the Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement (PAM). Schneider, F., Agarwal, S., Alpcan, T., and Feldmann, A. 2008. The new Web: Characterizing Ajax traffic. In Proceedings of the Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement (PAM)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1402958.1402991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia Article. 2009. Domain hack. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domain_hack. Wikipedia Article . 2009. Domain hack. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domain_hack."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams A. Arlitt M. Williamson C. and Barker K. 2005. Web workload characterization: Ten years later. Web Content Delivery 3--21. Williams A. Arlitt M. Williamson C. and Barker K. 2005. Web workload characterization: Ten years later. Web Content Delivery 3--21.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-27727-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/319151.319153"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on the Web"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2019643.2019646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2019643.2019646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:07:42Z","timestamp":1750273662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2019643.2019646"}},"subtitle":["Methodology, Challenges, Observations, and Insights"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2019643.2019646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2019643.2019646","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1131"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-114X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}