{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T20:16:53Z","timestamp":1771705013723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009AAO1A348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009AAO1A348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61073038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61073038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The current parallel storage systems use thousands of inexpensive disks to meet the storage requirement of applications. Data redundancy and\/or coding are used to enhance data availability, for instance, Row-diagonal parity (RDP) and EVENODD codes, which are widely used in RAID-6 storage systems, provide data availability with up to\n            <jats:italic>two disk failures<\/jats:italic>\n            . To reduce the probability of data unavailability, whenever a single disk fails, disk recovery will be carried out. We find that the conventional recovery schemes of RDP and EVENODD codes for a single failed disk only use one parity disk. However, there are two parity disks in the system, and both can be used for single disk failure recovery. In this article, we propose a hybrid recovery approach that uses both parities for single disk failure recovery, and we design efficient recovery schemes for RDP code (RDOR-RDP) and EVENODD code (RDOR-EVENODD). Our recovery scheme has the following attractive properties: (1) \u201c\n            <jats:italic>read optimality<\/jats:italic>\n            \u201d in the sense that our scheme issues the smallest number of disk reads to recover a single failed disk and it reduces approximately 1\/4 of disk reads compared with conventional schemes; (2) \u201c\n            <jats:italic>load balancing property<\/jats:italic>\n            \u201d in that all surviving disks will be subjected to the same (or almost the same) amount of additional workload in rebuilding the failed disk.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We carry out performance evaluation to quantify the merits of RDOR-RDP and RDOR-EVENODD on some widely used disks with DiskSim. The offline experimental results show that RDOR-RDP and RDOR-EVENODD outperform the conventional recovery schemes of RDP and EVENODD codes in terms of total recovery time and recovery workload on individual surviving disk. However, the improvements are less than the theoretical value (approximately 25%), as RDOR-RDP and RDOR-EVENODD change the disk access pattern from purely sequential to a more random one compared with their conventional schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2027066.2027071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T12:23:05Z","timestamp":1319545385000},"page":"1-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["A Hybrid Approach to Failed Disk Recovery Using RAID-6 Codes"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinlong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C. S.","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubiao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1217935.1217957"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/12.364531"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Bucy J. Schindler J. Schlosser S. and Ganger G. 2008. The DiskSim simulation environment (v4.0). Tech. rep. CMU_PDL_08_101 Carnegie Melon University. Bucy J. Schindler J. Schlosser S. and Ganger G. 2008. The DiskSim simulation environment (v4.0). Tech. rep. CMU_PDL_08_101 Carnegie Melon University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Cassidy B. and Hafner J. L. 2007. Space efficient matrix methods for lost data reconstruction in erasure codes. Tech. rep. RJ10415 IBM Research. Cassidy B. and Hafner J. L. 2007. Space efficient matrix methods for lost data reconstruction in erasure codes. Tech. rep. RJ10415 IBM Research."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/176979.176981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201904)","author":"Corbett P.","unstructured":"Corbett , P. , English , B. , Goel , A. , Grcanac , T. , Kleiman , S. , Leong , J. , and Sankar , S . 2004. Row-diagonal parity for double disk failure correction . In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201904) . USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 1--14. Corbett, P., English, B., Goel, A., Grcanac, T., Kleiman, S., Leong, J., and Sankar, S. 2004. Row-diagonal parity for double disk failure correction. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201904). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 1--14."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2010.2054295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869389.1869390"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/945445.945450"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSST.2010.5496983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201905)","author":"Hafner J. L.","unstructured":"Hafner , J. L. , Deenadhayalan , V. , Rao , K. K. , and Tomlin , J. A . 2005. Matrix methods for lost data reconstruction in erasure codes . In Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201905) . USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 15--30. Hafner, J. L., Deenadhayalan, V., Rao, K. K., and Tomlin, J. A. 2005. Matrix methods for lost data reconstruction in erasure codes. In Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201905). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 15--30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/143365.143383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS\u201993)","author":"Holland M.","unstructured":"Holland , M. , Gibson , G. A. , and Siewiorek , D. P . 1993. Fast, on-line failure recovery in redundant disk arrays . In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS\u201993) . 422--431. Holland, M., Gibson, G. A., and Siewiorek, D. P. 1993. Fast, on-line failure recovery in redundant disk arrays. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS\u201993). 422--431."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01266332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1306871.1306907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378993.379239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2002.1003860"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"RAID-DP: Network Appliance implementation of RAID double parity for data protection. Tech. rep. No. 3298","author":"Lueth C.","unstructured":"Lueth , C. 2004. RAID-DP: Network Appliance implementation of RAID double parity for data protection. Tech. rep. No. 3298 , Network Appliance Inc . Lueth, C. 2004. RAID-DP: Network Appliance implementation of RAID double parity for data protection. Tech. rep. No. 3298, Network Appliance Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Lyman P. and Varian H. R. 2003. How much information? http:\/\/www.sims.berkeley.edu\/how-much-info-2003. Lyman P. and Varian H. R. 2003. How much information? http:\/\/www.sims.berkeley.edu\/how-much-info-2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01388454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/139669.140392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/12.485575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB\u201990)","author":"Muntz R. R.","unstructured":"Muntz , R. R. and Lui , J. C. S. 1990. Performance analysis of disk arrays under failure . In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB\u201990) . Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 162--173. Muntz, R. R. and Lui, J. C. S. 1990. Performance analysis of disk arrays under failure. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB\u201990). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 162--173."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201907)","author":"Pinheiro E.","unstructured":"Pinheiro , E. , Weber , W.-D. , and Barroso , L. A . 2007. Failure trends in a large disk drive population . In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201907) . USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 17--28. Pinheiro, E., Weber, W.-D., and Barroso, L. A. 2007. Failure trends in a large disk drive population. In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201907). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 17--28."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1364813.1364820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1525908.1525927"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Introduction to the Theory of Error-Correcting Codes","author":"Pless V.","unstructured":"Pless , V. 1998. Introduction to the Theory of Error-Correcting Codes . Wiley Interscience . Pless, V. 1998. Introduction to the Theory of Error-Correcting Codes. Wiley Interscience."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201907)","author":"Schroeder B.","unstructured":"Schroeder , B. and Gibson , G. A . 2007. Disk failures in the real world: What does an MTTF of 1,000,000 hours mean to you? In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201907) . USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 1--16. Schroeder, B. and Gibson, G. A. 2007. Disk failures in the real world: What does an MTTF of 1,000,000 hours mean to you? In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201907). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 1--16."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"rep. Cheetah 15K.5 FC","author":"Seagate K.","unstructured":"Seagate . 2007. Cheetah\u00ae 15 K. 5 Fibre Channel 146- GB Hard Drive ST3146855 FC Product Manual . Tech. rep. Cheetah 15K.5 FC , Seagate Inc . Seagate. 2007. Cheetah\u00ae 15K.5 Fibre Channel 146-GB Hard Drive ST3146855FC Product Manual. Tech. rep. Cheetah 15K.5 FC, Seagate Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/71.595583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201905)","author":"Tian L.","unstructured":"Tian , L. , Feng , D. , Jiang , H. , Zhou , K. , Zeng , L. , Chen , J. , Wang , Z. , and Song , Z . 2007. PRO: A popularity-based multi-threaded reconstruction optimization for RAID-structured storage systems . In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201905) . USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 301--314. Tian, L., Feng, D., Jiang, H., Zhou, K., Zeng, L., Chen, J., Wang, Z., and Song, Z. 2007. PRO: A popularity-based multi-threaded reconstruction optimization for RAID-structured storage systems. In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201905). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 301--314."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"van Lint J. Wilson R. M. and Hale J. K. 1993. A Course in Combinatorics. Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK. van Lint J. Wilson R. M. and Hale J. K. 1993. A Course in Combinatorics . Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia. 2010. DDR2 SDRAM. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DDR2_SDRAM. Wikipedia . 2010. DDR2 SDRAM. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DDR2_SDRAM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proccedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201909)","author":"Wu S.","unstructured":"Wu , S. , Jiang , H. , Feng , D. , Tian , L. , and Mao , B . 2009. Workout: I\/O workload outsourcing for boosting RAID reconstruction performance . In Proccedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201909) . USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 239--252. Wu, S., Jiang, H., Feng, D., Tian, L., and Mao, B. 2009. Workout: I\/O workload outsourcing for boosting RAID reconstruction performance. In Proccedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST\u201909). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 239--252."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1811039.1811054"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th IEEE\/11th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST\u201903)","author":"Xin Q.","unstructured":"Xin , Q. , Miller , E. L. , Schwarz , T. , Long , D. D. E. , Brandt , S. A. , and Litwin , W . 2003. Reliability mechanisms for very large storage systems . In Proceedings of the 20th IEEE\/11th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST\u201903) . IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 146--156. Xin, Q., Miller, E. L., Schwarz, T., Long, D. D. E., Brandt, S. A., and Litwin, W. 2003. Reliability mechanisms for very large storage systems. In Proceedings of the 20th IEEE\/11th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST\u201903). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 146--156."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1032647.1033303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.746809"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Storage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2027066.2027071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2027066.2027071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T20:26:15Z","timestamp":1750278375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2027066.2027071"}},"subtitle":["Algorithms and Performance Evaluation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2027066.2027071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2027066.2027071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3093","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-05-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}