{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:26:35Z","timestamp":1750307195404,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Value prediction is a technique to increase\n            <jats:italic>parallelism<\/jats:italic>\n            by attempting to overcome serialization constraints caused by true data dependences. By predicting the outcome of an instruction before it executes, value prediction allows data dependent instructions to issue and execute speculatively, hence increasing parallelism when the prediction is correct. In case of a misprediction, the execution is redone with the corrected value. If the benefit from increased parallelism outweighs the misprediction recovery penalty, overall performance could be improved. Enhancing performance with value prediction therefore requires highly accurate prediction methods. Most existing general value prediction techniques are local, that is, future outputs of an instruction are predicted based on outputs from previous executions of the same instruction.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            In this article, we investigate leveraging\n            <jats:italic>strength-based dynamic information flow analysis<\/jats:italic>\n            to enhance data value prediction. We use dynamic information flow analysis (DIFA) to determine when a specific value predictor can perform well and even outperform other predictors. We apply information theory to mathematically prove the validity and benefits of correlating value predictors. We also introduce the concept of the\n            <jats:italic>linear<\/jats:italic>\n            value predictors, a new technique that predicts a new value from another one using a linear relation. We finally present a variant of stride predictor that we call\n            <jats:italic>update stride<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            We then conduct an empirical analysis using\n            <jats:italic>Pin<\/jats:italic>\n            , a dynamic binary instrumentation tool, and\n            <jats:italic>DynFlow<\/jats:italic>\n            , a dynamic information flow analysis tool, that we apply to programs from the SPECjvm2008 and Siemens benchmarks. Our empirical measurements support our mathematical theory and allow us to make important observations on the relation between predictability of data values and information flow. Our analysis and empirical results show that the values of a set of selected variables can be predicted with a very high accuracy, up to 100%. Such prediction is based on the previous history and\/or the values of one or more other\n            <jats:italic>source<\/jats:italic>\n            variables that have strong information flow into the predicted variable. Using our selection criteria, we show that a DIFA-directed predictor outperforms hardware value prediction for all subject programs, and sometimes by a significant margin. This was observed even when using an ideal tagged hardware value prediction table that does not suffer from aliasing or capacity misses.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2133382.2133383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T14:56:22Z","timestamp":1333464982000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Leveraging Strength-Based Dynamic Information Flow Analysis to Enhance Data Value Prediction"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Walid J.","family":"Ghandour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of Beirut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitham","family":"Akkary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of Beirut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wes","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of Beirut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/277830.277854"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture.","author":"Akkary H.","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Akkary , H. and Driscoll , M. A . 1998. A dynamic multithreading processor . In Proceedings of the Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. Akkary, H. and Driscoll, M. A. 1998. A dynamic multithreading processor. In Proceedings of the Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1463768.1463772"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/782814.782819"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1250662.1250717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Multiple Regression: A Primer","author":"Allison P. D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Allison , P. D. 1998 . Multiple Regression: A Primer . Sage Publications Inc . Allison, P. D. 1998. Multiple Regression: A Primer. Sage Publications Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/139669.140395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/579090"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques. 66--76","author":"Burtscher M.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Burtscher , M. and Zorn , B. G . 1999. Exploring last n value prediction . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques. 66--76 . Burtscher, M. and Zorn, B. G. 1999. Exploring last n value prediction. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques. 66--76."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2002.1017696"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/115952.115980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/300979.300985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/279358.279378"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cover T. M. and Thomas J. A. 1991. Elements of Information Theory. Wiley New York. Cover T. M. and Thomas J. A. 1991. Elements of Information Theory . Wiley New York.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611"},{"volume-title":"Cryptography and Data Security","author":"Denning D. E.","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Denning , D. E. 1982. Cryptography and Data Security . Addison-Wesley . Denning, D. E. 1982. Cryptography and Data Security. Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-005-3861-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.374.0547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/5910"},{"volume-title":"Transmission of Information: A Statistical Theory of Communications","author":"Fano R. M.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Fano , R. M. 1961. Transmission of Information: A Statistical Theory of Communications . MIT Press . Fano, R. M. 1961. Transmission of Information: A Statistical Theory of Communications. MIT Press."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 270--280","author":"Gabbay F.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Gabbay , F. and Mendelson , A . 1997. Can program profiling support value prediction? In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 270--280 . Gabbay, F. and Mendelson, A. 1997. Can program profiling support value prediction? In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 270--280."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2004.10004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1187976.1187979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Dynamic control independence predictor for speculative multithreading processors","volume":"2","author":"Ghandour W. J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghandour , W. J. 2009 . Dynamic control independence predictor for speculative multithreading processors . Contemp. Engin. Sci. 2 , 517 -- 534 . Ghandour, W. J. 2009. Dynamic control independence predictor for speculative multithreading processors. Contemp. Engin. Sci. 2, 517--534.","journal-title":"Contemp. Engin. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1854273.1854327"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture. 207--216","author":"Goeman B.","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Goeman , B. , Vandierendonck , H. , and Bosschere , K. D . 2001. Differential fcm: Increasing value prediction accuracy by improving table usage efficiency . In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture. 207--216 . Goeman, B., Vandierendonck, H., and Bosschere, K. D. 2001. Differential fcm: Increasing value prediction accuracy by improving table usage efficiency. In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture. 207--216."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of return value prediction in exploiting speculative method-level parallelism","volume":"5","author":"Hu S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hu , S. , Bhargava , R. , and John , L. K. 2003 . The role of return value prediction in exploiting speculative method-level parallelism . J. Instruct.-Lev. Paral. 5 , 1 -- 21 . Hu, S., Bhargava, R., and John, L. K. 2003. The role of return value prediction in exploiting speculative method-level parallelism. J. Instruct.-Lev. Paral. 5, 1--21.","journal-title":"J. Instruct.-Lev. Paral."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Compiling for ilp processors","volume":"83","author":"Hwu W. W.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hwu , W. W. 1995 . Compiling for ilp processors . Proc. IEEE 83 , 12 . Hwu, W. W. 1995. Compiling for ilp processors. Proc. IEEE 83, 12.","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Intel. 2006. Intel Itanium architecture software developers manual. Document number: 245319-005. Intel. 2006. Intel Itanium architecture software developers manual. Document number: 245319-005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis: An Interdisciplinary Introduction to Univariate and Multivariate Methods","author":"Kachigan S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kachigan , S. 1986 . Statistical Analysis: An Interdisciplinary Introduction to Univariate and Multivariate Methods . Radius Press . Kachigan, S. 1986. Statistical Analysis: An Interdisciplinary Introduction to Univariate and Multivariate Methods. Radius Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2005.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Krus D. J. 2006. Visual Statistics with Multimedia. Chapter 14 visualstatistics.net. Krus D. J. 2006. Visual Statistics with Multimedia . Chapter 14 visualstatistics.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/139669.139702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237090.237173"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium and Workshop on Microarchitecture. 226--237","author":"Lipasti M. H.","key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Lipasti , M. H. and Shen , J. P . 1996. Exceeding the dataflow limit via value prediction . In Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium and Workshop on Microarchitecture. 226--237 . Lipasti, M. H. and Shen, J. P. 1996. Exceeding the dataflow limit via value prediction. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium and Workshop on Microarchitecture. 226--237."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1065010.1065034"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Microarchitecture.","author":"Marcuello P.","key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Marcuello , P. , Tubella , J. , and Gonzelez , A . 1999. Value prediction for speculative multithreaded architectures . In Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Microarchitecture. Marcuello, P., Tubella, J., and Gonzelez, A. 1999. Value prediction for speculative multithreaded architectures. In Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Microarchitecture."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2004.1261823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1138912.1138927"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1571629.1571631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2004.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.1020"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 76--84","author":"Mohan W.","key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Mohan , W. and Franklin , M . 1992. Improving data value prediction accuracy using path correlation . In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 76--84 . Mohan, W. and Franklin, M. 1992. Improving data value prediction accuracy using path correlation. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 76--84."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.341.0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/12.990129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/264107.264189"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture.","author":"Nakra T.","key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","unstructured":"Nakra , T. , Gupta , R. , and Soffa , M. L . 1999. Global context-based value prediction . In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture. Nakra, T., Gupta, R., and Soffa, M. L. 1999. Global context-based value prediction. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Parallel Architectures Compilation Techniques.","author":"Oplinger J.","key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Oplinger , J. , Heine , D. , and Lam , M . 1999. In search of speculative thread-level parallelism . In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Parallel Architectures Compilation Techniques. Oplinger, J., Heine, D., and Lam, M. 1999. In search of speculative thread-level parallelism. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Parallel Architectures Compilation Techniques."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/40.491458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Pickett C. J. F. and Verbrugge C. 2004a. Compiler analyses for improved return value prediction. Tech. rep. SABLETR-2004-6 Sable Research Group School of Computer Science McGill University. Pickett C. J. F. and Verbrugge C. 2004a. Compiler analyses for improved return value prediction. Tech. rep. SABLETR-2004-6 Sable Research Group School of Computer Science McGill University."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Value-Prediction and Value-Based Optimization Workshop.","author":"Pickett C. J. F.","key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Pickett , C. J. F. and Verbrugge , C . 2004b. Return value prediction in a java virtual machine . In Proceedings of the 2nd Value-Prediction and Value-Based Optimization Workshop. Pickett, C. J. F. and Verbrugge, C. 2004b. Return value prediction in a java virtual machine. In Proceedings of the 2nd Value-Prediction and Value-Based Optimization Workshop."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT\u201998)","author":"Rychlik B.","key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Rychlik , B. , Faistl , J. , Krug , B. , and Shen , J. P . 1998. Efficacy and performance impact of value prediction . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT\u201998) . 148--154. Rychlik, B., Faistl, J., Krug, B., and Shen, J. P. 1998. Efficacy and performance impact of value prediction. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT\u201998). 148--154."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual Workshop on Duplicating, Deconstructing, and Debunking. 16--24","author":"Sam N. B.","key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Sam , N. B. and Burtscher , M . 2005. Complex load-value predictors: Why we need not bother . In Proceedings of the 4th Annual Workshop on Duplicating, Deconstructing, and Debunking. 16--24 . Sam, N. B. and Burtscher, M. 2005. Complex load-value predictors: Why we need not bother. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual Workshop on Duplicating, Deconstructing, and Debunking. 16--24."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2002.995711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Sazeides Y. and Smith J. 1997a. Implementations of context-based value predictors. Tech. rep. ECE-TR-97-8 University of Wisconsin Madison. Sazeides Y. and Smith J. 1997a. Implementations of context-based value predictors. Tech. rep. ECE-TR-97-8 University of Wisconsin Madison."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture.","author":"Sazeides Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","unstructured":"Sazeides , Y. and Smith , J. E . 1997b. The predictability of data values . In Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture. Sazeides, Y. and Smith, J. E. 1997b. The predictability of data values. In Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture.","author":"Sazeides Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"Sazeides , Y. , Vassiliadis , S. , and Smith , J . 1996. The performance potential of data dependence speculation and collapsing . In Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. Sazeides, Y., Vassiliadis, S., and Smith, J. 1996. The performance potential of data dependence speculation and collapsing. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture."},{"volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Siegel S.","key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"Siegel , S. 1956. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences . McGraw-Hill . Siegel, S. 1956. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. McGraw-Hill."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Quantitative Aspects of Programming Languages (QAPL\u201906)","author":"Singer J.","key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","unstructured":"Singer , J. and Brown , G . 2006. Return value prediction meets information theory . In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Quantitative Aspects of Programming Languages (QAPL\u201906) . 137--151. Singer, J. and Brown, G. 2006. Return value prediction meets information theory. In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Quantitative Aspects of Programming Languages (QAPL\u201906). 137--151."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO.2006.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. 135--148","author":"Smith J. E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Smith , J. E. 1981 . A study of branch prediction strategies . In Proceedings of the Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. 135--148 . Smith, J. E. 1981. A study of branch prediction strategies. In Proceedings of the Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. 135--148."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.476078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/264107.264200"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 205--215","author":"Sodani A.","key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","unstructured":"Sodani , A. and Sohi , G . 1998. Understanding the differences between value prediction and instruction reuse . In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 205--215 . Sodani, A. and Sohi, G. 1998. Understanding the differences between value prediction and instruction reuse. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 205--215."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture.","author":"Steffan J.","key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","unstructured":"Steffan , J. , Colohan , C. , Zhai , A. , and Mowry , T . 1999. Improving value communication for thread-level speculation . In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture. Steffan, J., Colohan, C., Zhai, A., and Mowry, T. 1999. Improving value communication for thread-level speculation. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT\u201901)","author":"Thomas R.","key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","unstructured":"Thomas , R. and Franklin , M . 2001. Using dataflow based context for accurate value prediction . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT\u201901) . 107--117. Thomas, R. and Franklin, M. 2001. Using dataflow based context for accurate value prediction. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT\u201901). 107--117."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/859618.859655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2005.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/300979.301002"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Design. 364--369","author":"Vandierendonck H.","key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","unstructured":"Vandierendonck , H. and Bosschere , K. D . 2010. Implicit hints: Embedding hint bits in programs without ISA changes . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Design. 364--369 . Vandierendonck, H. and Bosschere, K. D. 2010. Implicit hints: Embedding hint bits in programs without ISA changes. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Design. 364--369."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 281--290","author":"Wang K.","key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","unstructured":"Wang , K. and Franklin , M . 1997. Highly accurate data value prediction using hybrid predictors . In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 281--290 . Wang, K. and Franklin, M. 1997. Highly accurate data value prediction using hybrid predictors. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 281--290."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 497--506","author":"Warter N.","key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"Warter , N. , Lavery , D. , and Hwu , W . 1993. The benefit of predicated execution for software pipelining . In Proceedings of the 26th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 497--506 . Warter, N., Lavery, D., and Hwu, W. 1993. The benefit of predicated execution for software pipelining. In Proceedings of the 26th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 497--506."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS.2007.363733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2004.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/859618.859656"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2133382.2133383","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2133382.2133383","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:06:05Z","timestamp":1750241165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2133382.2133383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2133382.2133383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2133382.2133383","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1544-3566"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1544-3973"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}