{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:27:23Z","timestamp":1750307243921,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Software-defined radio (SDR) implements a radio system in software that executes on a programmable processor. The components of SDR, such as the filters, amplifiers, and modulators, can be easily reconfigured to adapt to the operating environment and user preferences. However, the flexibility of radio reconfiguration brings along the serious security concern of malicious modification of software in the SDR system, leading to radio malfunction and interference with other users' communications. Both the SDR device and the network need to be protected from such malicious radio reconfiguration.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In this article, a new architecture targeted at protecting SDR devices from malicious reconfiguration is proposed. The architecture is based on robust separation of the radio operation environment and user application environment, through the use of virtualization. A new radio middleware layer is designed to securely intercept all attempts to reconfigure the radio, and a security policy monitor checks the target configuration against security policies that represent the interests of various parties. Even if the operating system in the user application environment is compromised, the proposed architecture can ensure secure reconfiguration in the radio operation environment. We have prototyped the proposed secure SDR architecture using VMware and the GNU Radio toolkit and demonstrate that overheads incurred by the architecture are small and tolerable. Therefore, we believe that the proposed solution could be applied to address secure SDR reconfiguration in both general-purpose and embedded computing systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2146417.2146427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T14:56:22Z","timestamp":1333464982000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Secure reconfiguration of software-defined radio"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niraj K.","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Raghunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]]},"reference":[{"volume":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Linux Symposium.","author":"Ben-Yehuda M.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023783.1023802"},{"volume":"5","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications.","author":"Brawerman A.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Falk R. Esfahani J. F. and Dillinger M. 2002. Reconfigurable radio terminals\u2014threats and security objectives. Tech. rep. SDRF-02-I-0056.  Falk R. Esfahani J. F. and Dillinger M. 2002. Reconfigurable radio terminals\u2014threats and security objectives. Tech. rep. SDRF-02-I-0056."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition.","author":"Flanigan P.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium. 45--60","author":"Halderman J.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the World Wireless Congress.","author":"Hill R.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference. 1--14","author":"Jones S. T.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"volume":"4","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference.","author":"Kurdziel M.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Lee P. SDR Architecture http:\/\/www.sdrforum.org\/pages\/aboutSdrTech\/SDR_Architectures.pdf.  Lee P. SDR Architecture http:\/\/www.sdrforum.org\/pages\/aboutSdrTech\/SDR_Architectures.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1018012"},{"volume":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.","author":"Michael L.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Mulliner C. and Miller C. Fuzzing the phone in your phone http:\/\/www.blackhat.com\/presentations\/bh-usa-09\/miller\/bhusa09-miller-fuzzingphone-paper.pdf.  Mulliner C. and Miller C. Fuzzing the phone in your phone http:\/\/www.blackhat.com\/presentations\/bh-usa-09\/miller\/bhusa09-miller-fuzzingphone-paper.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Myagmar S. 2008. Secure configuration for software defined radio. Ph.D. thesis University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.   Myagmar S. 2008. Secure configuration for software defined radio. Ph.D. thesis University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015047.1015049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"3417","article-title":"ACU- and RSM-based radio spectrum management for realization of flexible software defined radio world","volume":"86","author":"Sakaguchi K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Comm. E Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum. 1999. Architecture and elements of SDR systems as related to standards. Tech. rep.  SDR Forum. 1999. Architecture and elements of SDR systems as related to standards. Tech. rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum. 2002a. Report on issues and activity in the area of security for software defined radio. Tech. rep. SDRF-02-A-0003.  SDR Forum. 2002a. Report on issues and activity in the area of security for software defined radio. Tech. rep. SDRF-02-A-0003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum. 2002b. SDR system security. Tech. rep. SDRF-02-A-0006.  SDR Forum. 2002b. SDR system security. Tech. rep. SDRF-02-A-0006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum. 2003. A structure for software defined radio security. Tech. rep. SDRF-03-I-0010.  SDR Forum. 2003. A structure for software defined radio security. Tech. rep. SDRF-03-I-0010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum. 2004a. Hardware abstraction layer working group report on results of request for information. Tech. rep.  SDR Forum. 2004a. Hardware abstraction layer working group report on results of request for information. Tech. rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum. 2004b. SDR wireless security. Tech. rep. SDRF-04-I-0023.  SDR Forum. 2004b. SDR wireless security. Tech. rep. SDRF-04-I-0023."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum. 2005. SDR security requirements. Tech. rep. SDRF-04-W-0006.  SDR Forum. 2005. SDR security requirements. Tech. rep. SDRF-04-W-0006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"SDR Forum System Interface Working Group. 2003. API position paper. Tech. rep.  SDR Forum System Interface Working Group. 2003. API position paper. Tech. rep."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Telecommunications Policy Research Conference.","author":"Tonmukayakul A.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. 437--441","author":"Uchikawa H.","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2146417.2146427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2146417.2146427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:52:02Z","timestamp":1750243922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2146417.2146427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2146417.2146427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2146417.2146427","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1539-9087"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-3465"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-01-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-04-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}