{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:12:58Z","timestamp":1764587578701,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput. Educ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital games are marketed, mass-produced, and consumed by an increasing number of people and the game industry is only expected to grow. In response, postsecondary institutions in the UK and the U.S. have started to create game degree programs. Though curriculum theorists provide insight into the process of creating a new program, no formal research contextualizes curriculum planning for game degree programs. The purpose of this research was to explore these processes when planning undergraduate game degree programs. The research methodology included an explanatory mixed-methods approach, using a quantitative survey of participants in the UK and the U.S., followed by interviews with several participants selected on the basis of their institution\u2019s demographics. Results indicate that five external factors influence the development of game programs (government, industry, other universities, society, and trade associations) and eight internal factors influence curriculum planning (facilities, faculty, institution, interdisciplinary collaboration, learners, learning time and space, originating department, and backgrounds of the planners). Results also indicate that while some differences exist in the game degree programs across countries, the vast majority of curriculum planning processes and influencing factors are the same. The study concludes with a set of recommendations for educators, trade associations, and the games industry to improve game degree programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2160547.2160550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T18:41:10Z","timestamp":1335292870000},"page":"1-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Curriculum Planning Process for Undergraduate Game Degree Programs in the United Kingdom and United States"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Monica M.","family":"McGill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradley University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"ABIresesarch. 2006. Video game business to double by 2011 driven by online and mobile gaming. http:\/\/www.abiresearch.com\/abiprdisplay.jsp?pressid=600. ABIresesarch . 2006. Video game business to double by 2011 driven by online and mobile gaming. http:\/\/www.abiresearch.com\/abiprdisplay.jsp?pressid=600."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Barone T. and Blumenfeld-Jones D. 1998. Curriculum platforms and moral stories. In The Curriculum Problems Politics and Possibilities. L. E. Beyer and M. W. Apple Eds. State University of New York Press 137--156. Barone T. and Blumenfeld-Jones D. 1998. Curriculum platforms and moral stories. In The Curriculum Problems Politics and Possibilities . L. E. Beyer and M. W. Apple Eds. State University of New York Press 137--156."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508865.1508989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1463673.1463675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Teaching with games: The Minesweeper and Asteroids experience","volume":"17","author":"Becker K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comput. Small Coll."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Beyer L. and Apple M. Eds. 1998. The Curriculum: Problems Politics and Possibilities 2nd Ed. State University of New York Press. Beyer L. and Apple M. Eds. 1998. The Curriculum: Problems Politics and Possibilities 2nd Ed. State University of New York Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfp030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Fin","volume":"18","author":"Britain\u2019s Games Developers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Campbell D. and Stanley J. 1963. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand-McNally Chicago IL. Campbell D. and Stanley J. 1963. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research . Rand-McNally Chicago IL."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","article-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev. Ed. Academic Pres, New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1047344.1047514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Gedi: A game engine for teaching videogame design and programming","volume":"21","author":"Coleman R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comput. Small Coll."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research","author":"Creswell J.","year":"2008","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Department of Trade and Investment. 2007. Playing for keeps - Challenges to sustaining a world class UK games sector - country profiles. Tech. rep. Government of the United Kingdom in collaboration with BERR and Tiga. Department of Trade and Investment . 2007. Playing for keeps - Challenges to sustaining a world class UK games sector - country profiles. Tech. rep. Government of the United Kingdom in collaboration with BERR and Tiga."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220270802433261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Integrated curriculum planning for international business education: Analysis of global business trends","volume":"40","author":"Dlabay L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Delta Pi Epsilon J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Curriculum possibilities in a \u201cpost","volume":"8","author":"Doll W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"-future. J. Curric. Superv."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-5812.2007.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203630"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Gartner. 2008. Gartner says worldwide mobile gaming revenue to surpass $4.5 billion in 2008. http:\/\/www.gartner.com\/it\/page.jsp?id=706407. Gartner . 2008. Gartner says worldwide mobile gaming revenue to surpass $4.5 billion in 2008. http:\/\/www.gartner.com\/it\/page.jsp?id=706407."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"A planning framework for crafting the required-curriculum phase of an MBA program","volume":"29","author":"Haskins M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Man. Educ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Higher Education Statistics Agency. 2009. Higher education institutions in the UK. http:\/\/www.hesa.ac.uk\/index.php\/component\/option com_heicontacts\/yr default\/#K. Higher Education Statistics Agency . 2009. Higher education institutions in the UK. http:\/\/www.hesa.ac.uk\/index.php\/component\/option com_heicontacts\/yr default\/#K."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01619569409538774"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"IBISWorld. 2009. NN003 - Video games in the U.S. Industry report. IBISWorld . 2009. NN003 - Video games in the U.S. Industry report."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"International Game Developers Association Game Education Special Interest Group. 2008. IGDA curriculum framework: The study of games and game development. International Game Developers Association Game Education Special Interest Group . 2008. IGDA curriculum framework: The study of games and game development."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1507713.1507737"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508865.1509049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701960801963029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1268784.1268802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Lee J. and Merisotis J. 1990. Proprietary schools: Programs policies and prospects. ASHE-ERIC Higher Educ. rep. 5 Association for the Study of Higher Education. Lee J. and Merisotis J. 1990. Proprietary schools: Programs policies and prospects. ASHE-ERIC Higher Educ. rep. 5 Association for the Study of Higher Education."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Lerner M. 1987. Articulation between for-profit private occupational schools and secondary vocational programs\/colleges and universities. The National Center for Research in Vocational Education. Lerner M. 1987. Articulation between for-profit private occupational schools and secondary vocational programs\/colleges and universities. The National Center for Research in Vocational Education."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"A CS1 to CS2 bridge class using 2D game programming","volume":"21","author":"Leutenegger S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comput. Small Coll."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1227310.1227352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508865.1508943"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1384271.1384338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1536513.1536541"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Marketwatch: Global Round-up. 2008. Video games: More lucrative than music and video? Marketwatch: Global Round-up . 2008. Video games: More lucrative than music and video?"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1536513.1536542"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047594.2047613"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508865.1508990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"National Center for Education Statistics. 2008. Degree-granting institutions by control and type of institution: Selected years 1949-50 through 2007-08. Tech. rep. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics . 2008. Degree-granting institutions by control and type of institution: Selected years 1949-50 through 2007-08. Tech. rep. U.S. Department of Education."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"NPDGroup. 2009a. Australian video games market increased nearly 50 percent in 2008. http:\/\/www.npd.com\/press\/releases\/press_090401.html. NPDGroup . 2009a. Australian video games market increased nearly 50 percent in 2008. http:\/\/www.npd.com\/press\/releases\/press_090401.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"NPDGroup. 2009b. Canadian video game sales surge despite market fallout. http:\/\/www.npd.com\/press\/releases\/press_090130.html. NPDGroup . 2009b. Canadian video game sales surge despite market fallout. http:\/\/www.npd.com\/press\/releases\/press_090130.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"NPDGroup. 2009c. Video games experience significant growth in online gaming activities. http:\/\/www.npd.com\/press\/releases\/press_090310a.html. NPDGroup . 2009c. Video games experience significant growth in online gaming activities. http:\/\/www.npd.com\/press\/releases\/press_090310a.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Palmer M. 2009. Games studios to train more developers. Fin. Times Ltd. FT.com Aug. Palmer M. 2009. Games studios to train more developers. Fin. Times Ltd. FT.com Aug."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1047344.1047387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1121341.1121500"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Patton M. 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Sage Publications. Patton M. 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods . Sage Publications."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"Peters R. 1975. The processes of changing and planning the school curriculum in rural systems. Guides - General ERIC (ED125839). Peters R. 1975. The processes of changing and planning the school curriculum in rural systems. Guides - General ERIC (ED125839)."},{"volume-title":"The Curriculum: Problems, Politics, and Possibilities","author":"Posner G.","key":"e_1_2_1_50_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. 2001a. The framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in England Wales and Northern Ireland. http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/EWNI\/default.asp. Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education . 2001a. The framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in England Wales and Northern Ireland. http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/EWNI\/default.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. 2001b. The framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland. http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/SCQF\/2001\/frameworkAnnex.asp#annex2. Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education . 2001b. The framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland. http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/SCQF\/2001\/frameworkAnnex.asp#annex2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Skillset. 2009. Undergraduate Course Accreditation Guidelines for Computer Games. SkillSet UK. Skillset . 2009. Undergraduate Course Accreditation Guidelines for Computer Games . SkillSet UK."},{"volume-title":"Curriculum Development: Theory and Practice. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich","year":"1962","author":"Taba H.","key":"e_1_2_1_54_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Taylor F. 1916. The principles of scientific management. In Classics of Organization Theory. J. Shafritz S. Ott and Y. S. Jang Eds. Thomson Wadsworth 61--72. Taylor F. 1916. The principles of scientific management. In Classics of Organization Theory . J. Shafritz S. Ott and Y. S. Jang Eds. Thomson Wadsworth 61--72."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Tiga. 2009a. Business-university relationships in the games industry. Download. (Issue 3 1\/09). Tiga UK. Tiga . 2009a. Business-university relationships in the games industry. Download. (Issue 3 1\/09). Tiga UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Tiga. 2009b. State of the UK video game development sector. Tiga UK. Tiga . 2009b. State of the UK video game development sector. Tiga UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Tyler R. 1949. Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction. University of Chicago Press. Tyler R. 1949. Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction . University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","unstructured":"UCAS. 2009. http:\/\/www.ucas.com\/. UCAS . 2009. http:\/\/www.ucas.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Education. 2009. Policies. Tech. rep. U.S. Department of Education. http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/policy\/landing.jhtml. United States Department of Education . 2009. Policies. Tech. rep. U.S. Department of Education. http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/policy\/landing.jhtml."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"Valentine M. 2009. Market Report - Games: Games and fortune. In-Store. January. Valentine M. 2009. Market Report - Games: Games and fortune. In-Store. January."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1496984.1497019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/443014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Weinstein M. 2008. TAMS Analyzer (3.61b8hs-fat all (3.5)). http:\/\/tamsys.sourceforge.net\/. Weinstein M. 2008. TAMS Analyzer (3.61b8hs-fat all (3.5)). http:\/\/tamsys.sourceforge.net\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Wiggins G. and McTighe J. 2005. Understanding by Design. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Wiggins G. and McTighe J. 2005. Understanding by Design . Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1463673.1463687"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1463673.1463688"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computing Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2160547.2160550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2160547.2160550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T09:54:50Z","timestamp":1750240490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2160547.2160550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2160547.2160550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2160547.2160550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1946-6226"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1946-6226"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}