{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:25:56Z","timestamp":1750307156168,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-10-1-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-10-1-0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5.09E+26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5.09E+26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most modern digital signal processors (DSPs) provide multiple address registers and a dedicated address generation unit (AGU) which performs address generation in parallel to instruction execution. There is no address computation overhead if the next address is within the auto-modify range. A careful placement of variables in memory is utilized to decrease the number of address arithmetic instructions and thus to generate compact and efficient code. The simple offset assignment (SOA) problem concerns the layout of variables for machines with one address register and the general offset assignment (GOA) deals with multiple address registers. Both these problems assume that each variable needs to be allocated for the entire duration of a program. Both SOA and GOA are NP-complete. In this article, we present effective heuristics for the simple and the general offset assignment problems with variable coalescing where two or more non-interfering variables can be mapped into the same memory location. Results on several benchmarks show the significant improvement of our proposed heuristics compared to other heuristics in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2180887.2180893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]],"date-time":"2012-06-11T13:03:21Z","timestamp":1339419801000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Storage Optimization through Offset Assignment with Variable Coalescing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11S","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Salamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ramanujam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atri S. Ramanujam J. and \n      Kandemir M\n  . \n  2001\n  . Improving offset assignment for embedded processors. Languages and Compilers for High-Performance Computing S. Midkiff et al. Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  3602 Springer-Verlag\n  . Atri S. Ramanujam J. and Kandemir M. 2001. Improving offset assignment for embedded processors. Languages and Compilers for High-Performance Computing S. Midkiff et al. Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 3602 Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45574-4_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380220202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1132357.1132365"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/266388.266436"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers (HiPEAC).","author":"Huynh J.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Huynh , J. , Amaral , J. N. , Berube , P. , and Touati , S. A . 2007. Evaluation of offset assignment heuristics . In Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers (HiPEAC). Huynh, J., Amaral, J. N., Berube, P., and Touati, S. A. 2007. Evaluation of offset assignment heuristics. In Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers (HiPEAC)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 330--335","author":"Lee C.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Lee , C. , Potkonjak , M. , and Mangione-Smith , W . 1997. Mediabench: A tool for evaluating and synthesizing multimedia and communications systems . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 330--335 . Lee, C., Potkonjak, M., and Mangione-Smith, W. 1997. Mediabench: A tool for evaluating and synthesizing multimedia and communications systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 330--335."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/501790.501827"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/517270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Compiler Construction","author":"Leupers R.","unstructured":"Leupers , R. 2003. Offset assignment showdown: Evaluation of DSP address code optimization algorithms . In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Compiler Construction . Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 2622 , Springer . Leupers, R. 2003. Offset assignment showdown: Evaluation of DSP address code optimization algorithms. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Compiler Construction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2622, Springer."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International System Synthesis Symposium (ISSS).","author":"Leupers R.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Leupers , R. and David , F . 1998. A uniform optimization technique for offset assignment problems . In Proceedings of the 11th International System Synthesis Symposium (ISSS). Leupers, R. and David, F. 1998. A uniform optimization technique for offset assignment problems. In Proceedings of the 11th International System Synthesis Symposium (ISSS)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings International Conference on Computer-Aided Design.","author":"Leupers R.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Leupers , R. and Marwedel , P . 1996. Algorithms for address assignment in DSP code generation . In Proceedings International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. Leupers, R. and Marwedel, P. 1996. Algorithms for address assignment in DSP code generation. In Proceedings International Conference on Computer-Aided Design."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/951710.951715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/207110.207139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Muchnick S. 1997. Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann. Muchnick S. 1997. Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Offsetstone. http:\/\/www.address-code-optimization.org. Offsetstone. http:\/\/www.address-code-optimization.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1196636.1196641"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Compiler Construction (CC\u201901)","volume":"2027","author":"Ottoni G.","unstructured":"Ottoni , G. , Rigo , S. , Araujo , G. , Rajagopalan , S. , and Malik , S . 2001. Optimal live range merge for address register allocation in embedded programs . In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Compiler Construction (CC\u201901) . Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 2027 , Springer, 274--288. Ottoni, G., Rigo, S., Araujo, G., Rajagopalan, S., and Malik, S. 2001. Optimal live range merge for address register allocation in embedded programs. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Compiler Construction (CC\u201901). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2027, Springer, 274--288."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/301618.301653"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/266021.266103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","article-title":"Dsp code optimization utilizing memory addressing operation. IEICE","author":"Sugino N.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sugino , N. , Iimuro , S. , Nishihara , A. , and Jujii , N. 1996 . Dsp code optimization utilizing memory addressing operation. IEICE Trans. Fund., 1217--1223. Sugino, N., Iimuro, S., Nishihara, A., and Jujii, N. 1996. Dsp code optimization utilizing memory addressing operation. IEICE Trans. Fund., 1217--1223.","journal-title":"Trans. Fund., 1217--1223."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378239.378521"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.","author":"Wess B.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Wess , B. and Gotschlich , M . 1997. Optimal dsp memory layout generation as a quadratic assignment problem . In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Wess, B. and Gotschlich, M. 1997. Optimal dsp memory layout generation as a quadratic assignment problem. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.","author":"Wess B.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Wess , B. and Zeitlhofer , T . 2004. Optimum address pointer assignment for digital signal processors . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Wess, B. and Zeitlhofer, T. 2004. Optimum address pointer assignment for digital signal processors. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/780732.780763"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2180887.2180893","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2180887.2180893","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2180887.2180893","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T09:54:22Z","timestamp":1750240462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2180887.2180893"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2180887.2180893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2180887.2180893","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1539-9087"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-3465"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}