{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:30:32Z","timestamp":1781062232887,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,29]],"date-time":"2012-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Operators have deployed Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) in the Internet for over a decade. However, its impact on Internet topology measurements is not well known, and it is possible for some MPLS configurations to lead to false router-level links in maps derived from traceroute data. In this paper, we introduce a measurement-based classification of MPLS tunnels, identifying tunnels where IP hops are revealed but not explicitly tagged as label switching routers, as well as tunnels that obscure the underlying path. Using a large-scale dataset we collected, we show that paths frequently cross MPLS tunnels in today's Internet: in our data, at least 30% of the paths we tested traverse an MPLS tunnel. We also propose and evaluate several methods to reveal MPLS tunnels that are not explicitly flagged as such: we discover that their fraction is significant (up to half the explicit tunnel quantity) but most of them do not obscure IP-level topology discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2185376.2185388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]],"date-time":"2012-04-17T12:53:13Z","timestamp":1334667193000},"page":"87-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Revealing MPLS tunnels obscured from traceroute"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Benoit","family":"Donnet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Luckie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAIDA \/ UC San Diego, San Diego, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"M\u00e9rindol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Pansiot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"RFC","author":"Rosen E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"E. Rosen , A. Viswanathan , and R. Callon , \" Multiprotocol label switching architecture,\" Internet Engineering Task Force , RFC 3031, January 2001 . E. Rosen, A. Viswanathan, and R. Callon, \"Multiprotocol label switching architecture,\" Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 3031, January 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"RFC","author":"Muthukrishnan K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"K. Muthukrishnan and A. Malis , \" A core MPLS IP VPN architecture,\" Internet Engineering Task Force , RFC 2917, September 2000 . K. Muthukrishnan and A. Malis, \"A core MPLS IP VPN architecture,\" Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 2917, September 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"RFC","author":"Srinivasan C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"C. Srinivasan , L. P. Bloomberg , A. Viswanathan , and T. Nadeau , \" Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) traffic engineering (TE) management information base (MIB),\" Internet Engineering Task Force , RFC 3812, June 2004 . C. Srinivasan, L. P. Bloomberg, A. Viswanathan, and T. Nadeau, \"Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) traffic engineering (TE) management information base (MIB),\" Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 3812, June 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.826369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"RFC","author":"Andersson L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"L. Andersson , I. Minei , and T. Thomas , \" LDP specification,\" Internet Engineering Task Force , RFC 5036, October 2007 . L. Andersson, I. Minei, and T. Thomas, \"LDP specification,\" Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 5036, October 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Farrel A. Ayyangar and J.-P. Vasseur \"Inter-domain MPLS and GMPLS traffic engineering -- resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering (RSVP-TE extensions) \" Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 5151 February 2008.  A. Farrel A. Ayyangar and J.-P. Vasseur \"Inter-domain MPLS and GMPLS traffic engineering -- resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering (RSVP-TE extensions) \" Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 5151 February 2008.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc5151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"RFC","author":"Bonica R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"R. Bonica , D. Gan , D. Tappan , and C. Pignataro , \" ICMP extensions for multiprotocol label switching,\" Internet Engineering Task Force , RFC 4950, August 2007 . R. Bonica, D. Gan, D. Tappan, and C. Pignataro, \"ICMP extensions for multiprotocol label switching,\" Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 4950, August 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Bonica D. Gan D. Tappan and C. Pignataro   ____ \"Extended ICMP to support multi-part messages \" Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 4884 April 2007.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4884"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"\"NANOG traceroute \" ftp:\/\/ftp.netbsd.org\/pub\/NetBSD\/packages\/distfiles\/traceroute-nanog\/traceroute.c.  \"NANOG traceroute \" ftp:\/\/ftp.netbsd.org\/pub\/NetBSD\/packages\/distfiles\/traceroute-nanog\/traceroute.c."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"MPLS Fundamentals","author":"De Ghein L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"L. De Ghein , MPLS Fundamentals . Cisco Press , November 2006 . L. De Ghein, MPLS Fundamentals. Cisco Press, November 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2068816.2068858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1402958.1402993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"University of Oregon \"Route views University of Oregon Route Views project \" http:\/\/www.routeviews.org\/.  University of Oregon \"Route views University of Oregon Route Views project \" http:\/\/www.routeviews.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1298306.1298329"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2185376.2185388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2185376.2185388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:06:02Z","timestamp":1750241162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2185376.2185388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2185376.2185388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2185376.2185388","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4833","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-03-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}