{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:26:34Z","timestamp":1750307194140,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]],"date-time":"2012-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reliability and performance evaluation are important, often mandatory, steps in designing and analyzing (critical) systems. In such cases, accurate models are required to adequately take into account interference or dependent behaviors affecting the system, its parts and the external environment, especially if the system experiences high complexity. The techniques and tools to adopt in the evaluation have to adequately fit the problem considered. The main goal of this paper is to identify the dynamic-dependent aspects that can affect the reliability and performance of a system. Starting from the concept of dependence at the basis of system decomposition, an analytic framework and some of the most important dynamic-dependent aspects and behaviors are characterized in terms of both dynamic reliability and performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2185395.2185443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T18:41:10Z","timestamp":1335292870000},"page":"71-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic aspects and behaviors of complex systems in performance and reliability assessment"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Distefano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Puliafito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishor S.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster Incorporated 2012.  Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster Incorporated 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","series-title":"Wiley Series in Parallel Computing","volume-title":"Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets","author":"Ajmone Marsan M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"M. Ajmone Marsan , G. Balbo , G. Conte , S. Donatelli , and G. Franceschinis . Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets . Wiley Series in Parallel Computing , 1995 . M. Ajmone Marsan, G. Balbo, G. Conte, S. Donatelli, and G. Franceschinis. Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. Wiley Series in Parallel Computing, 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2004.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Mathematical Theory of Reliability. Classics in Applied Mathematics","author":"Barlow R. E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"R. E. Barlow and F. Proschan . Mathematical Theory of Reliability. Classics in Applied Mathematics . Wiley , New York , 1965 . R. E. Barlow and F. Proschan. Mathematical Theory of Reliability. Classics in Applied Mathematics. Wiley, New York, 1965."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1183940"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471791571","volume-title":"Queueing Networks and Markov Chains: Modeling and Performance Evaluation with Computer Science Applications","author":"Bolch G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"G. Bolch , S. Greiner , H. de Meer , and K. S. Trivedi . Queueing Networks and Markov Chains: Modeling and Performance Evaluation with Computer Science Applications . Wiley-Interscience , 2 nd edition, May 2006 . G. Bolch, S. Greiner, H. de Meer, and K. S. Trivedi. Queueing Networks and Markov Chains: Modeling and Performance Evaluation with Computer Science Applications. Wiley-Interscience, 2nd edition, May 2006.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(03)00143-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2008.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Modelling and Evaluation of Computer Communication Systems","author":"Ciardo G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"G. Ciardo , R. Jones , A. Miner , and R. Siminiceanu . SMART: Stochastic Model Analyzer for Reliability and Timing. In Int. Multiconference on Measurement , Modelling and Evaluation of Computer Communication Systems , 2001 . G. Ciardo, R. Jones, A. Miner, and R. Siminiceanu. SMART: Stochastic Model Analyzer for Reliability and Timing. In Int. Multiconference on Measurement, Modelling and Evaluation of Computer Communication Systems, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/882474.883479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"System Analysis Reference: Reliability Availability and Optimization","author":"R. Corporation","year":"2003","unstructured":"R. Corporation . System Analysis Reference: Reliability Availability and Optimization . Reliasoft Publishing , 2003 . R. Corporation. System Analysis Reference: Reliability Availability and Optimization. Reliasoft Publishing, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Queues","author":"Cox D.","year":"1961","unstructured":"D. Cox and W. Smith . Queues . Wiley , 1961 . D. Cox and W. Smith. Queues. Wiley, 1961."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17445760802543955"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2007.70242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/24.159800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications -","author":"Feller W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"W. Feller . An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications - Vol. I and II. Wiley , New York , 1968 . W. Feller. An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications - Vol. I and II. Wiley, New York, 1968."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","series-title":"Springer Series in Reliability Engineering","volume-title":"Failure Rate Modelling for Reliability and Risk","author":"Finkelstein M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Finkelstein . Failure Rate Modelling for Reliability and Risk . Springer Series in Reliability Engineering . Springer Verlag , 2008 . M. Finkelstein. Failure Rate Modelling for Reliability and Risk. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. Springer Verlag, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1768017.1768024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Definition of system. General Systems (Yearbook of the Society for the Advancement of General Systems Theory), (1):18--28","author":"Hall A.","year":"1956","unstructured":"A. Hall and R. Fagen . Definition of system. General Systems (Yearbook of the Society for the Advancement of General Systems Theory), (1):18--28 , 1956 . A. Hall and R. Fagen. Definition of system. General Systems (Yearbook of the Society for the Advancement of General Systems Theory), (1):18--28, 1956."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/236373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"International Standard: 61508 Functional safety of electrical electronic programmable electronic safety related systems","author":"EN.","year":"1999","unstructured":"IEC\/ EN. International Standard: 61508 Functional safety of electrical electronic programmable electronic safety related systems . Int. Elec. Com. , Geneva , part 4: definitions edition, 1999 --2002. IEC\/EN. International Standard: 61508 Functional safety of electrical electronic programmable electronic safety related systems. Int. Elec. Com., Geneva, part 4: definitions edition, 1999--2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms","author":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Los Alamitos, CA, USA.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Los Alamitos, CA, USA. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms , 7 th edition, 2000 . Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Los Alamitos, CA, USA. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, 7th edition, 2000.","edition":"7"},{"volume-title":"Buchacker. Modeling with Extended Fault Trees. In IEEE Int. Symp. on High Assurance Sys. Eng. (HASE)","year":"2000","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Kerstin Buchacker. Modeling with Extended Fault Trees. In IEEE Int. Symp. on High Assurance Sys. Eng. (HASE) , 2000 . Kerstin Buchacker. Modeling with Extended Fault Trees. In IEEE Int. Symp. on High Assurance Sys. Eng. (HASE), 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Queuing systems, Volume 1: Theory","author":"Kleinrock L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"L. Kleinrock . Queuing systems, Volume 1: Theory . Wiley Interscience , New York , 1975 . L. Kleinrock. Queuing systems, Volume 1: Theory. Wiley Interscience, New York, 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Systems Theories: Their Origins, Foundations, and Development By Published in: (Ed.)","author":"Laszlo A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"A. Laszlo and S. Krippner . Systems Theories: Their Origins, Foundations, and Development By Published in: (Ed.) ,..., chapter 3, pages 47 -- 74 . Systems Theories and A Priori Aspects of Perception, Elsevier Science , Amsterdam , 1998 . A. Laszlo and S. Krippner. Systems Theories: Their Origins, Foundations, and Development By Published in: (Ed.),..., chapter 3, pages 47--74. Systems Theories and A Priori Aspects of Perception, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Quantitative system performance: computer system analysis using queueing network models","author":"Lazowska E. D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"E. D. Lazowska , J. Zahorjan , G. S. Graham , and K. C. Sevcik . Quantitative system performance: computer system analysis using queueing network models . Prentice-Hall, Inc. , Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1984 . E. D. Lazowska, J. Zahorjan, G. S. Graham, and K. C. Sevcik. Quantitative system performance: computer system analysis using queueing network models. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0161-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Basics of the MonteCarlo Method with Applicationto System Reliability","author":"Marseguerra M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"M. Marseguerra and E. Zio . Basics of the MonteCarlo Method with Applicationto System Reliability . LiLoLe Verlag , 2002 . M. Marseguerra and E. Zio. Basics of the MonteCarlo Method with Applicationto System Reliability. LiLoLe Verlag, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1982.1676110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARES.2006.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(99)00023-X"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"699","article-title":"On decomposition theory: Generalized dependence. Systems, Man and Cybernetics","volume":"11","author":"Naylor A. W.","year":"1981","unstructured":"A. W. Naylor . On decomposition theory: Generalized dependence. Systems, Man and Cybernetics , IEEE Transactions on , 11 ( 10 ): 699 -- 713 , oct. 1981 . A. W. Naylor. On decomposition theory: Generalized dependence. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on, 11(10):699--713, oct. 1981.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Statistical Methods, and Applications","author":"Rausand M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"M. Rausand and A. H\u00f8yland . System Reliability Theory: Models , Statistical Methods, and Applications . Wiley-IEEE , 3 rd edition, November 2003 . M. Rausand and A. H\u00f8yland. System Reliability Theory: Models, Statistical Methods, and Applications. Wiley-IEEE, 3rd edition, November 2003.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2367-3","volume-title":"Performance and Reliability Analysis of Computer Systems: An Example-based Approach Using the SHARPE Software Package","author":"Sahner R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"R. Sahner , K. Trivedi , and A. Puliafito . Performance and Reliability Analysis of Computer Systems: An Example-based Approach Using the SHARPE Software Package . Kluwer Academic Publisher , 1996 . R. Sahner, K. Trivedi, and A. Puliafito. Performance and Reliability Analysis of Computer Systems: An Example-based Approach Using the SHARPE Software Package. Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"SHARPE: Symbolic Hierarchical Automated Reliability and Performance Evaluator, Introduction and Guide for Users","author":"Sahner R. A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"R. A. Sahner and K. S. Trivedi . SHARPE: Symbolic Hierarchical Automated Reliability and Performance Evaluator, Introduction and Guide for Users . Duke University - USA , 1992 . R. A. Sahner and K. S. Trivedi. SHARPE: Symbolic Hierarchical Automated Reliability and Performance Evaluator, Introduction and Guide for Users. Duke University - USA, 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/047122460X","volume-title":"Reliability of Computer Systems and Networks: Fault Tolerance, Analysis, and Design","author":"Shooman M. L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"M. L. Shooman . Reliability of Computer Systems and Networks: Fault Tolerance, Analysis, and Design . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , New York, NY, USA , 2002 . M. L. Shooman. Reliability of Computer Systems and Networks: Fault Tolerance, Analysis, and Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Queueing and Computer Science Applications","author":"Trivedi K. S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"K. S. Trivedi . Probability and Statistics with Reliability , Queueing and Computer Science Applications . John Wiley and Sons Ltd ., Chichester, UK, 2 nd edition, November 2001 . K. S. Trivedi. Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queueing and Computer Science Applications. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2nd edition, November 2001.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"NUREG-0492","author":"Vesely W. E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"W. E. Vesely , F. F. Goldberg , N. H. Roberts , and D. F. Haasl . Fault Tree Handbook. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission , NUREG-0492 , Washington DC , 1981 . W. E. Vesely, F. F. Goldberg, N. H. Roberts, and D. F. Haasl. Fault Tree Handbook. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG-0492, Washington DC, 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Structured Availability Modeling Environment. Reliability Engineering & System Safety","author":"Walter M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. Walter , M. Siegle , and A. Bode . OpenSESAME - The Simple but Extensive , Structured Availability Modeling Environment. Reliability Engineering & System Safety , 2007 . In Press , Available Online 1 April 2007. M. Walter, M. Siegle, and A. Bode. OpenSESAME - The Simple but Extensive, Structured Availability Modeling Environment. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2007. In Press, Available Online 1 April 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Computing System Reliability: Models And Analysis","author":"Xie M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. Xie , Y.-S. Dai , and K.-L. Poh . Computing System Reliability: Models And Analysis . Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers , 2004 . M. Xie, Y.-S. Dai, and K.-L. Poh. Computing System Reliability: Models And Analysis. Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers, 2004."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2185395.2185443","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2185395.2185443","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:06:02Z","timestamp":1750241162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2185395.2185443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2185395.2185443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2185395.2185443","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-04-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}