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A high quality stylus with 6 degrees of freedom (DOFs: 2D position, pressure, 2D tilt, and 1D rotation) coupled to a virtual brush simulation engine allows skilled users to produce expressive strokes in their own style. However, such devices are difficult for novices to control, and many people draw with less expensive (lower DOF) input devices. This paper presents a data-driven approach for synthesizing the 6D hand gesture data for users of low-quality input devices. Offline, we collect a library of strokes with 6D data created by trained artists. Online, given a query stroke as a series of 2D positions, we synthesize the 4D hand pose data at each sample based on samples from the library that locally match the query. This framework optionally can also modify the stroke trajectory to match characteristic shapes in the style of the library. Our algorithm outputs a 6D trajectory that can be fed into any virtual brush stroke engine to make expressive strokes for novices or users of limited hardware.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,6]],"date-time":"2012-08-06T18:11:37Z","timestamp":1344276697000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["HelpingHand"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jingwan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fisher","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"DiVerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe Systems Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/364338.364405"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2018396.2018421"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Baxter W. and Lin M. 2004. A versatile interactive 3D brush model. In Pacific Graphics 319--328.   Baxter W. and Lin M. 2004. A versatile interactive 3D brush model. In Pacific Graphics 319--328."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.993558"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531334"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1889863.1889889"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision, 1033--1038","author":"Efros A.","unstructured":"Efros , A. , and Leung , T . 1999. Texture synthesis by non-parametric sampling . In International Conference on Computer Vision, 1033--1038 . Efros, A., and Leung, T. 1999. Texture synthesis by non-parametric sampling. 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In Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, 233--246."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Hinton G. and Nair V. 2005. Inferring motor programs from images of handwritten digits. In Advances in Neural Information Processing 515--522.  Hinton G. and Nair V. 2005. Inferring motor programs from images of handwritten digits. In Advances in Neural Information Processing 515--522."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PG.2007.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028534"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566570.566605"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2386301.2386303"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2021164.2021190"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Internat. Conf. on Comp. Vision Theory and Application, 331--340","author":"Muja M.","unstructured":"Muja , M. , and Lowe , D. G . 2009. Fast approximate nearest neighbors with automatic algorithm configuration . In Internat. Conf. on Comp. Vision Theory and Application, 331--340 . Muja, M., and Lowe, D. G. 2009. Fast approximate nearest neighbors with automatic algorithm configuration. In Internat. Conf. on Comp. Vision Theory and Application, 331--340."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101389.1101405"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00202785"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-007-0165-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.345012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.72.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047246"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandoren P. Van Laerhoven T. Claesen L. Taelman J. Raymaekers C. and Van Reeth F. 2008. IntuPaint: Bridging the gap between physical and digital painting. In Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems 65--72.  Vandoren P. Van Laerhoven T. Claesen L. Taelman J. Raymaekers C. and Van Reeth F. 2008. IntuPaint: Bridging the gap between physical and digital painting. In Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems 65--72.","DOI":"10.1109\/TABLETOP.2008.4660185"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, 206--211","author":"Varga T.","unstructured":"Varga , T. , Kilchhofer , D. , and Bunke , H . 2005. Template-based synthetic handwriting generation for the training of recognition systems . In Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, 206--211 . Varga, T., Kilchhofer, D., and Bunke, H. 2005. Template-based synthetic handwriting generation for the training of recognition systems. In Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, 206--211."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","unstructured":"Wei L.-Y. Lefebvre S. Kwatra V. and Turk G. 2009. State of the art in example-based texture synthesis. In Eurographics 2009 State of the Art Report.  Wei L.-Y. Lefebvre S. Kwatra V. and Turk G. 2009. State of the art in example-based texture synthesis. In Eurographics 2009 State of the Art Report ."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","unstructured":"Yu K. Wang Y. and \n      Tan T\n  . \n  2004\n  . Writer identification using dynamic features. In Biometric Authentication D. Zhang and A. Jain Eds. vol. \n  3072\n   of \n  Lec\n  . Notes in Comp. \n  Sci\n  . 1--8.  Yu K. Wang Y. and Tan T. 2004. Writer identification using dynamic features. In Biometric Authentication D. Zhang and A. Jain Eds. vol. 3072 of Lec. Notes in Comp. 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