{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:52:28Z","timestamp":1776102748206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R31-10008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R31-10008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R31-10008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R31-10008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The realistic depiction of lifelike virtual humans has been the goal of many movie makers in the last decade. Recently, films such as\n            <jats:italic>Tron: Legacy<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>The Curious Case of Benjamin Button<\/jats:italic>\n            have produced highly realistic characters. In the real-time domain, there is also a need to deliver realistic virtual characters, with the increase in popularity of interactive drama video games (such as\n            <jats:italic>L.A. Noire\u2122<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>Heavy Rain\u2122<\/jats:italic>\n            ). There have been mixed reactions from audiences to lifelike characters used in movies and games, with some saying that the increased realism highlights subtle imperfections, which can be disturbing. Some developers opt for a stylized rendering (such as cartoon-shading) to avoid a negative reaction [Thompson 2004]. In this paper, we investigate some of the consequences of choosing realistic or stylized rendering in order to provide guidelines for developers for creating appealing virtual characters. We conducted a series of psychophysical experiments to determine whether render style affects how virtual humans are perceived. Motion capture with synchronized eye-tracked data was used throughout to animate custom-made virtual model replicas of the captured actors.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,6]],"date-time":"2012-08-06T18:11:37Z","timestamp":1344276697000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":219,"title":["Render me real?"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"McDonnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Breidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics"}]},{"given":"Heinrich H.","family":"B\u00fclthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN07)","author":"Bartneck C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsm017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p6492"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1140491.1140508"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Ekman P. and Friesen W. V. 2003. Unmasking the face: a guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Malor Books.  Ekman P. and Friesen W. V. 2003. Unmasking the face: a guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues . Malor Books."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2008.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAI05)","author":"Hanson D."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.765325"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1823738.1823740"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6hnken H. Gleicher M. and Pighin F. 1989. Behavioral correlates of statement credibility: theories paradigms and results. Criminal behavior and the justice system: Psychological perspectives 271--289.  K\u00f6hnken H. Gleicher M. and Pighin F. 1989. Behavioral correlates of statement credibility: theories paradigms and results. Criminal behavior and the justice system: Psychological perspectives 271--289.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-86017-1_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Why Tom Hanks is less than human; while sensors cannot capture how humans act, humans can give life to digital characters","volume":"650","author":"Levi S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Newsweek"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsm011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1577755.1577757"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"The uncanny valley","volume":"7","author":"Mori M.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322761289"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0872"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Reeves B. and Naas C. 1996. The media equation: How people treat computers television and new media like real people and places. In Stanford CA CSLI Publications.   Reeves B. and Naas C. 1996. The media equation: How people treat computers television and new media like real people and places. In Stanford CA CSLI Publications."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr025"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Meeting people virtually: Experiments in shared virtual environments. In The social life of avatars: Presence and interaction in shared virtual environments, 146--171","author":"Slater M."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753481"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"Thompson C. 2004. The undead zone: Why realistic graphics make humans look creepy. Slate.  Thompson C. 2004. The undead zone: Why realistic graphics make humans look creepy. Slate ."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2185520.2185587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2185520.2185587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:48:44Z","timestamp":1750236524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2185520.2185587"}},"subtitle":["investigating the effect of render style on the perception of animated virtual humans"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":25,"aliases":["10.1145\/2185520.2335442"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2185520.2185587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2185520.2185587","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}