{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:32:50Z","timestamp":1779269570517,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Manage. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In sales-oriented service encounters like financial advice, the client may perceive information and interest asymmetries as a lack of\n            <jats:italic>transparency<\/jats:italic>\n            regarding the advisor\u2019s activities. In this article, we will discuss two design iterations of a supportive tabletop application that we built to increase process and information transparency as compared to the traditional pen and paper encounters. While the first iteration\u2019s design was \u201cenforcing\u201d transparency and therefore proved to be a failure [Nussbaumer et al. 2011], we built the second iteration on design rationales enabling more \u201ccasual\u201d transparency. Experimental evaluations show that the redesigned system significantly increases the client\u2019s perceived transparency, her perceived control of the encounter and improves her perceived trustworthiness of and satisfaction with the encounter. With these findings, we contribute to (1) insight into the role of transparency advisory encounter design; (2) design solutions for establishing particular facets of transparency and their potential instantiations in tabletop systems; and (3) insight into the process of designing for transparency with socio-technical artifacts that are emergent as a result of design activities.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2229156.2229161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T13:52:04Z","timestamp":1398261124000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["\u201cEnforced\u201d vs. \u201cCasual\u201d Transparency -- Findings from IT-Supported Financial Advisory Encounters"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Nussbaumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inu","family":"Matter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Schwabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(98)00087-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2017284.2017287"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1289740.1289750"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 18--27","author":"Carell A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems. 681--689","author":"Cheung C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-8501(02)00224-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"European Commission. 2004. Directive 2004\/39\/EC. The European Parliament and the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments. Brussels. European Commission . 2004. Directive 2004\/39\/EC. The European Parliament and the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments. Brussels."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/569905.569910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2331299"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Grote G. W\u00e4fler T. Ryser C. Weik S. Z\u00f6lch M. and Windischer A. 1999. Wie sich Mensch und Technik sinnvoll erg\u00e4nzen. vdf Hochschulverlag AG. Grote G. W\u00e4fler T. Ryser C. Weik S. Z\u00f6lch M. and Windischer A. 1999. Wie sich Mensch und Technik sinnvoll erg\u00e4nzen . vdf Hochschulverlag AG."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Putting it all together: Information visualizations, display arrangements, and sales transactions","volume":"8","author":"Halloran J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Rev. Inf. Netw."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2006.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Inbar O. and Tractinsky N. 2011. Lowering the line of visibility: Incidental users in service encounters. Behav. Inf. Techn. 1--16. Inbar O. and Tractinsky N. 2011. Lowering the line of visibility: Incidental users in service encounters. Behav. Inf. Techn. 1--16."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70568"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen C. Fischer R. and Hackethal A. 2008. The influence of financial advice on the asset allocation of individual investors. SSRN eLibrary. Jansen C. Fischer R. and Hackethal A. 2008. The influence of financial advice on the asset allocation of individual investors. SSRN eLibrary.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1102092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/874068.875967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11612-004-0025-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Jungermann H. and Fischer K. 2005. Using expertise and experience for giving and taking advice. In The Routines of Decision Making T. Betsch and S. Haberstroh Eds. Taylor &amp; Francis. Jungermann H. and Fischer K. 2005. Using expertise and experience for giving and taking advice. In The Routines of Decision Making T. Betsch and S. Haberstroh Eds. 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