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In this article we propose a simple and modified DE framework, called MDE, which is a fusion of three recent modifications in DE: (1) Opposition-Based Learning (OBL); (2) tournament method for mutation; and (3) single population structure. These features have a specific role which helps in improving the performance of DE. While OBL helps in giving a good initial start to DE, the use of the tournament best base vector in the mutation phase helps in preserving the diversity. Finally the single population structure helps in faster convergence. Their synergized effect balances the exploitation and exploration capabilities of DE without compromising with the solution quality or the convergence rate. The proposed MDE is validated on a set of 25 standard benchmark problems, 7 nontraditional shifted benchmark functions proposed at the special session of CEC2008, and three engineering design problems. Numerical results and statistical analysis show that the proposed MDE is better than or at least comparable to the basic DE and several other state-of-the art DE variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2240166.2240170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]],"date-time":"2012-07-26T14:41:09Z","timestamp":1343313669000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improving differential evolution algorithm by synergizing different improvement mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Musrrat","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Millie","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajith","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Intelligence Research (MIR) Labs, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2002.1007033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SoCPaR.2009.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2005.12.020"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications. 2--9.","author":"Back T.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-006-0124-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2006.872133"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. 415--421","author":"Brest J.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-008-0357-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakraborty U. 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