{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:28:43Z","timestamp":1750307323742,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGBED Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, the use of embedded operating systems in different embedded projects is subject to a tremendous growth. Embedded Linux is becoming one of those most popular EOSs due to its modularity, efficiency, reliability, and cost. One way to make it hard real-time is to include a real-time kernel like Xenomai. One of the key characteristics of a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is its ability to meet execution time deadlines deterministically. So, the more precise and flexible the time management can be, the better it can handle efficiently the determinism for different embedded applications. RTOS time precision is characterized by a specific periodic interrupt service controlled by a software time manager. The smaller the period of the interrupt, the better the precision of the RTOS, the more it overloads the CPU, and though reduces the overall efficiency of the RTOS. In this paper, we propose to drastically reduce these overheads by migrating the time management service of Xenomai into a configurable hardware component to relieve the CPU. The hardware component is implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array coupled to the CPU. This work was achieved in a Master degree project where students could apprehend many fields of embedded systems: RTOS programming, hardware design, performance evaluation, etc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2318836.2318843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T11:53:04Z","timestamp":1341316384000},"page":"38-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A hardware time manager implementation for the\n            <i>Xenomai<\/i>\n            real-time kernel of embedded Linux"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Olivier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne de Bretagne, France"}]},{"given":"Jalil","family":"Boukhobza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne de Bretagne, France"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Apf27 board datasheet","author":"Systems Armadeus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Armadeus Systems . 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Life with adeos. 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"7th Real-Time Linux Workshop","author":"Kiszka J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"J. Kiszka . The real-time driver model and first applications . In 7th Real-Time Linux Workshop , Lille, France , 2005 . J. Kiszka. The real-time driver model and first applications. In 7th Real-Time Linux Workshop, Lille, France, 2005."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","DOI":"10.1145\/944645.944656"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"96","volume-title":"in Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms","author":"Kuacharoen P.","year":"2003","unstructured":"P. Kuacharoen , M. Shalan , and V. M. A configurable hardware scheduler for real-time systems . In in Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms , pages 96 -- 101 . CSREA Press , 2003 . P. Kuacharoen, M. Shalan, and V. M. A configurable hardware scheduler for real-time systems. In in Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms, pages 96--101. CSREA Press, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Newnes","author":"Labrosse J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"J. Labrosse . MicroC\/OS-II : the real-time kernel . Newnes , 2002 . J. Labrosse. MicroC\/OS-II: the real-time kernel. Newnes, 2002."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","DOI":"10.1109\/EMWRT.1991.144077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Adaptive domain environment for operating systems. Opersys inc","author":"Yaghmour K.","year":"2001","unstructured":"K. Yaghmour . Adaptive domain environment for operating systems. Opersys inc , 2001 . K. Yaghmour. Adaptive domain environment for operating systems. Opersys inc, 2001."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGBED Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2318836.2318843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2318836.2318843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T11:05:57Z","timestamp":1750244757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2318836.2318843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2318836.2318843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2318836.2318843","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-3688"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1551-3688"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}