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Properties of a dataset that cannot be resolved in the current display environment need not be shown, for example, when too few pixels are used to render a data element, or when the element's subtended visual angle falls below the acuity limits of our visual system. To identify these situations, we asked: (1) What type of information can a human user perceive in a particular display environment? (2) Can we design visualizations that control what they represent relative to these limits? and (3) Is it possible to dynamically update a visualization as the display environment changes, to continue to effectively utilize our perceptual abilities? To answer these questions, we conducted controlled experiments that identified the pixel resolution and subtended visual angle needed to distinguish different values of luminance, hue, size, and orientation. This information is summarized in a perceptual display hierarchy, a formalization describing how many pixels\u2014\n            <jats:italic>resolution<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014and how much physical area on a viewer's retina\u2014\n            <jats:italic>visual angle<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014is required for an element's visual properties to be readily seen. We demonstrate our theoretical results by visualizing historical climatology data from the International Panel for Climate Change.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2355598.2355603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]],"date-time":"2012-10-19T12:16:45Z","timestamp":1350649005000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["On the limits of resolution and visual angle in visualization"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Healey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit P.","family":"Sawant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p270817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240656"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/208191a0"},{"volume-title":"Supplement Number 2 (E-1.3.1","year":"1971","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"CIE. 1978. CIE Publication No. 15 , Supplement Number 2 (E-1.3.1 , 1971 ). Official recommendations on uniform color spaces, color-difference equations, and metric color terms. Commission Internationale de L '\u00c8clairge. CIE. 1978. CIE Publication No. 15, Supplement Number 2 (E-1.3.1, 1971). Official recommendations on uniform color spaces, color-difference equations, and metric color terms. Commission Internationale de L'\u00c8clairge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/22627.22342"},{"volume-title":"Principles of Digital Image Synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann","author":"Glassner A. S.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Glassner , A. S. 1995. Principles of Digital Image Synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann , San Francisco, CA . Glassner, A. S. 1995. Principles of Digital Image Synthesis. 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