{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:51:52Z","timestamp":1750308712896,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20120005640 and 2012R1A6A3AO3038938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20120005640 and 2012R1A6A3AO3038938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A joint optimization of the physical system and the cyber world is one of the key problems in the design of a cyber-physical system (CPS). The major mechanical forces and\/or chemical reactions in a plant are commonly modified by actuators in the balance-of-plant (BOP) system. More powerful actuators requires more power, but generally increase the response of the physical system powered by the electrical energy generated by the physical system. To maximize the overall output of a power generating plant therefore requires joint optimization of the physical system and the cyber world, and this is a key factor in the design of a CPS.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We introduce a systematic approach to the modeling and synthesis of a CPS that emphasize joint power optimization, using an active direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) as a case study. Active DMFC systems are superior to passive DMFCs in terms of fuel efficiency thanks to their BOP system, which includes pumps, air blowers, and fans. However, designing a small-scale active DMFC with the best overall system efficiency requires the BOP system to be jointly optimized with the DMFC stack operation, because the BOP components are powered by the stack. Our approach to this synthesis problem involves i) BOP system characterization, ii) integrated DMFC system modeling, iii) configuring a system for the maximum net power output through design space exploration, iv) synthesis of feedback control tasks, and v) implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2362336.2362343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T15:42:48Z","timestamp":1357918968000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Control-theoretic cyber-physical system modeling and synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Donghwa","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaehyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeam","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naehyuck","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of Beyond SCADA: Cyber Physical Systems Meeting (HCSS-NEC4CPS).","author":"Anand M.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(03)00310-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2007.12.039"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Asia South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC). 69--74","author":"Chang N.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.02.088"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the NSF Workshop On Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Motivation, Techniques and Roadmap.","year":"2006","author":"Cheng A. 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A. 2006. Cyber-physical systems - are computing foundations adequate&quest; In Proceedings od the NSF Workshop On Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Motivation Techniques and Roadmap .  Lee E. A. 2006. Cyber-physical systems - are computing foundations adequate&quest; In Proceedings od the NSF Workshop On Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Motivation Techniques and Roadmap ."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Ph.D. Forum of the 30th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS'09)","author":"Lin S.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2429041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2006.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0728(99)00359-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004853019349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/08071942X"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Model-Based Design Conference. 116--124","author":"Turoni F.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2007.01.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1559061"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the NSF Workshop On Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Motivation, Techniques and Roadmap.","author":"West R.","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2006.05.056"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 603--606","author":"Xie C.","key":"e_1_2_1_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(98)00142-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X. Zhou Z. Cho H. and Luo X. 2006. Study on a PZT-actuated diaphragm pump for air supply for micro fuel cells. Sensors Actuators A: Physical 130--131 531--536.  Yang X. Zhou Z. Cho H. and Luo X. 2006. Study on a PZT-actuated diaphragm pump for air supply for micro fuel cells. 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