{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:56:21Z","timestamp":1791147381356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["964004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["964004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a method that allows an unskilled user to create an accurate physical replica of a digital 3D model. We use a projector\/camera pair to scan a work in progress, and project multiple forms of guidance onto the object itself that indicate which areas need more material, which need less, and where any ridges, valleys or depth discontinuities are. The user adjusts the model using the guidance and iterates, making the shape of the physical object approach that of the target 3D model over time. We show how this approach can be used to create a duplicate of an existing object, by scanning the object and using that scan as the target shape. The user is free to make the reproduction at a different scale and out of different materials: we turn a toy car into cake. We extend the technique to support replicating a sequence of models to create stop-motion video. We demonstrate an end-to-end system in which real-world performance capture data is retargeted to claymation. Our approach allows users to easily and accurately create complex shapes, and naturally supports a large range of materials and model sizes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T15:36:17Z","timestamp":1352907377000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Sculpting by numbers"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alec","family":"Rivers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT CSAIL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT CSAIL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9do","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT CSAIL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778766"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bimber O. and Raskar R. 2005. Spatial augmented reality: merging real and virtual worlds. A. K. Peters Ltd. Natick MA USA.   Bimber O. and Raskar R. 2005. Spatial augmented reality: merging real and virtual worlds . A. K. Peters Ltd. Natick MA USA.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10624"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.682177"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.602438"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"The painter and the photograph: from Delacroix to Warhol","author":"Coke V. D."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (June), 987--994","author":"Curless B."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753459"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"Drumm B. 2011. Printrbot. http:\/\/www.printrbot.com\/.  Drumm B. 2011. Printrbot. http:\/\/www.printrbot.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1166253.1166290"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"DIYLILCNC","author":"Hokanson T.","DOI":"10.1145\/2037703.2037711"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"Inokuchi S. Sato K. and Matsuda F. 1984. Range-imaging for 3D object recognition. ICPR 806--808.  Inokuchi S. Sato K. and Matsuda F. 1984. Range-imaging for 3D object recognition. ICPR 806--808."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"Kelly S. Bluumax CNC. http:\/\/www.bluumaxcnc.com\/Gantry-Router.html.  Kelly S. Bluumax CNC. http:\/\/www.bluumaxcnc.com\/Gantry-Router.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360674"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364905057059"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964980"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964922"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344849"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","unstructured":"MakerBot Industries. MakerBot. http:\/\/www.makerbot.com\/.  MakerBot Industries. MakerBot. http:\/\/www.makerbot.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","unstructured":"Mako Surgical. RIO Robotic Arm Interactive System.  Mako Surgical. RIO Robotic Arm Interactive System."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024202"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276433"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Danly S. and Leibold C. 1994. Eakins and the photograph: works by Thomas Eakins and his circle in the collection of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Published for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts by the Smithsonian Institution Press.  Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Danly S. and Leibold C. 1994. Eakins and the photograph: works by Thomas Eakins and his circle in the collection of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts . Published for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts by the Smithsonian Institution Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"In First IEEE Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR98","author":"Raskar R."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185584"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566600"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814280280_0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1174429.1174467"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"UIST 2007 Poster Session.","author":"Skeels C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01427149"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2366145.2366176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2366145.2366176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:34:44Z","timestamp":1750224884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2366145.2366176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2366145.2366176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2366145.2366176","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}