{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T08:26:46Z","timestamp":1773476806265,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We present an automatic approach to design and manufacture passive display devices based on optical hidden image decoding. Motivated by classical steganography techniques we construct\n            <jats:italic>Magic Lenses<\/jats:italic>\n            , composed of refractive lenslet arrays, to reveal hidden images when placed over potentially unstructured printed or displayed source images. We determine the refractive geometry of these surfaces by formulating and efficiently solving an inverse light transport problem, taking into account additional constraints imposed by the physical manufacturing processes. We fabricate several variants on the basic magic lens idea including using a single source image to encode several hidden images which are only revealed when the lens is placed at prescribed orientations on the source image or viewed from different angles. We also present an important special case, the\n            <jats:italic>universal lens<\/jats:italic>\n            , that forms an injection mapping from the lens surface to the source image grid, allowing it to be used with arbitrary source images. We use this type of lens to generate hidden animation sequences. We validate our simulation results with many real-world manufactured magic lenses, and experiment with two separate manufacturing processes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T20:36:17Z","timestamp":1352925377000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The magic lens"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Marios","family":"Papas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich and Disney Research Z\u00fcrich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Houit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Nowrouzezahrai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney Research Z\u00fcrich and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney Research Z\u00fcrich and ETH Z\u00fcrich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Jarosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney Research Z\u00fcrich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Process of coding indicia and product produced thereby. 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Filed Nov 29, 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531330"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes C. Shechtman E. Goldman D. B. and \n      Finkelstein A\n  . \n  2010\n  . The generalized PatchMatch correspondence algorithm. In European Conference on Computer Vision Springer K. Daniilidis P. Maragos and N. Paragios Eds. vol. \n  6313\n   of \n  Lecture Notes in Computer Science\n  .   Barnes C. Shechtman E. Goldman D. B. and Finkelstein A. 2010. The generalized PatchMatch correspondence algorithm. In European Conference on Computer Vision Springer K. Daniilidis P. Maragos and N. Paragios Eds. vol. 6313 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15558-1_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2018396.2018421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Filed","author":"Brosh S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brosh , S. , and Wright , T ., 1994. Anti-counterfeiting process using lenticular optics and color masking. U. S. Patent Number 5303370 . Filed Nov 13, 1992 . Brosh, S., and Wright, T., 1994. Anti-counterfeiting process using lenticular optics and color masking. U. S. Patent Number 5303370. Filed Nov 13, 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778788"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV).","author":"Finckh M.","unstructured":"Finckh , M. , Dammertz , H. , and Lensch , H . 2010. Geometry construction from caustic images . In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV). 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