{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:24:53Z","timestamp":1750307093446,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tor is one of the more popular systems for anonymizing near-real-time communications on the Internet. Borisov et al. [2007] proposed a denial-of-service-based attack on Tor (and related systems) that significantly increases the probability of compromising the anonymity provided. In this article, we analyze the effectiveness of the attack using both an analytic model and simulation. We also describe two algorithms for detecting such attacks, one deterministic and proved correct, the other probabilistic and verified in simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2382448.2382449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T15:02:27Z","timestamp":1354201347000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effectiveness and detection of denial-of-service attacks in tor"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Norman","family":"Danner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesleyan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Defabbia-Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesleyan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Krizanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesleyan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Liberatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1314333.1314336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1315245.1315258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1005140.1005154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03549-4_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Das A. and Borisov N. 2011. Securing Tor tunnels under the selective DoS attack. arXiv:1107.3863v1 {cs.CR}.  Das A. and Borisov N. 2011. Securing Tor tunnels under the selective DoS attack. arXiv:1107.3863v1 {cs.CR}."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Security Symposium. 303--320","author":"Dingledine R.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Dingledine , R. , Mathewson , N. , and Syverson , P . 2004a. Tor: The second-generation onion router . In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Security Symposium. 303--320 . Dingledine, R., Mathewson, N., and Syverson, P. 2004a. Tor: The second-generation onion router. In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Security Symposium. 303--320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11423409_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine B. N. Reiter M. K. Wang C. and \n      Wright M. K\n  . \n  2004\n  . Timing attacks in low-latency mix-based systems. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Financial Cryptography (FC 04) A. Juels Ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  3110 Springer 251--265.  Levine B. N. Reiter M. K. Wang C. and Wright M. K. 2004. Timing attacks in low-latency mix-based systems. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Financial Cryptography (FC 04) A. Juels Ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 3110 Springer 251--265.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27809-2_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180405.1180410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murdoch S. J.\n     and \n      Zieli\u0144ski P\n  . \n  2007\n  . Sampled traffic analysis by Internet-exchange-level adversaries. In Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 07). N. Borisov and P. Golle Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  4776 Springer 167--183.   Murdoch S. J. and Zieli\u0144ski P. 2007. Sampled traffic analysis by Internet-exchange-level adversaries. In Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 07). N. Borisov and P. Golle Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 4776 Springer 167--183.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75551-7_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2006.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/290163.290168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/644527.644537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/371931.371981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11957454_21"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS 02)","author":"Wright M.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Wright , M. , Adler , M. , Levine , B. N. , and Shields , C . 2002. An analysis of the degradation of anonymous protocols . In Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS 02) . Internet Society, 38--50. Wright, M., Adler, M., Levine, B. N., and Shields, C. 2002. An analysis of the degradation of anonymous protocols. In Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS 02). Internet Society, 38--50."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE Computer Society, 28--41","author":"Wright M.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Wright , M. , Adler , M. , Levine , B. N. , and Shields , C . 2003. Defending anonymous communication against passive logging attacks . In Proceedings of the Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE Computer Society, 28--41 . Wright, M., Adler, M., Levine, B. N., and Shields, C. 2003. Defending anonymous communication against passive logging attacks. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE Computer Society, 28--41."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Information and System Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2382448.2382449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2382448.2382449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T09:34:37Z","timestamp":1750239277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2382448.2382449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2382448.2382449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2382448.2382449","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1094-9224"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7406"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-11-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}