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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy costs for data centers continue to rise, already exceeding $15 billion yearly. Sadly much of this power is wasted. Servers are only busy 10--30% of the time on average, but they are often left on, while idle, utilizing 60% or more of peak power when in the idle state.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            We introduce a dynamic capacity management policy,\n            <jats:italic>AutoScale<\/jats:italic>\n            , that greatly reduces the number of servers needed in data centers driven by unpredictable, time-varying load, while meeting response time SLAs.\n            <jats:italic>AutoScale<\/jats:italic>\n            scales the data center capacity, adding or removing servers as needed.\n            <jats:italic>AutoScale<\/jats:italic>\n            has two key features: (i) it autonomically maintains just the right amount of spare capacity to handle bursts in the request rate; and (ii) it is robust not just to changes in the request rate of real-world traces, but also request size and server efficiency.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We evaluate our dynamic capacity management approach via implementation on a 38-server multi-tier data center, serving a web site of the type seen in Facebook or Amazon, with a key-value store workload. We demonstrate that AutoScale vastly improves upon existing dynamic capacity management policies with respect to meeting SLAs and robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2382553.2382556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T20:10:57Z","timestamp":1354651857000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"title":["AutoScale"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Anshul","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}]},{"given":"Mor","family":"Harchol-Balter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Raghunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kozuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Amazon Inc. 2008. 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