{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:46:17Z","timestamp":1772163977148,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2384577.2384583","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T08:07:05Z","timestamp":1350893225000},"page":"41-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Object-oriented programming with gradual abstraction"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Kurt","family":"N\u00f8rmark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Lone Leth","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Bent","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Actionscript home page 2012. http:\/\/www.actionscript.org\/.  Actionscript home page 2012. http:\/\/www.actionscript.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Ecmascript language specification 2012. http:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/publications\/standards\/Ecma-262.htm.  Ecmascript language specification 2012. http:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/publications\/standards\/Ecma-262.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"What is Impromptu? 2012. http:\/\/impromptu.moso.com.au\/.  What is Impromptu? 2012. http:\/\/impromptu.moso.com.au\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Javascript home page 2012. https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en\/About_JavaScript.  Javascript home page 2012. https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en\/About_JavaScript."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Metaocaml home page 2012. http:\/\/www.metaocaml.org\/.  Metaocaml home page 2012. http:\/\/www.metaocaml.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"visual F#","author":"Visual","year":"2012","unstructured":"Visual studio developer center , visual F# , 2012 . http:\/\/msdn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/vstudio\/hh388569.aspx. Visual studio developer center, visual F#, 2012. http:\/\/msdn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/vstudio\/hh388569.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs","author":"Abelson H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"H. Abelson , G. J. Sussman , and J. Sussman . Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs . The MIT Press , 1985 . H. Abelson, G. J. Sussman, and J. Sussman. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. The MIT Press, 1985."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","author":"Allen E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"E. Allen , D. Chase , C. Flood , V. Luchangco , J.-W. Maessen , S. Ryu , and G. L. Steele . Project Fortress. Linux Magazine , September 2007 . E. Allen, D. Chase, C. Flood, V. Luchangco, J.-W. Maessen, S. Ryu, and G. L. Steele. Project Fortress. Linux Magazine, September 2007.","journal-title":"Project Fortress. Linux Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Objects First with Java: A Practical Introduction Using BlueJ","author":"Barnes D. J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"ing(2002)}BlueJbook D. J. Barnes and M. K\u00f6lling . Objects First with Java: A Practical Introduction Using BlueJ . Prentice Hall , October 2002 . ing(2002)}BlueJbookD. J. Barnes and M. K\u00f6lling. Objects First with Java: A Practical Introduction Using BlueJ. Prentice Hall, October 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"J.\n      Bennedsen\n     and \n      C.\n      Schulte\n  . \n  What does 'objects-first' mean? an international study of teachers' perceptions of objects-first\n  . In R. Lister and Simon editors phSeventh Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling \n  2007\n  ) volume \n  88\n   of \n  CRPIT pages \n  21\n  --\n  29 Koli National Park Finland 2007. \n  ACS.   J. Bennedsen and C. Schulte. What does 'objects-first' mean? an international study of teachers' perceptions of objects-first. In R. Lister and Simon editors phSeventh Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling 2007) volume 88 of CRPIT pages 21--29 Koli National Park Finland 2007. ACS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1883978.1883986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869542.1869574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"OOPSLA'04 Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages","author":"Bracha G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"G. Bracha . Pluggable type systems . In OOPSLA'04 Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages , 2004 . G. Bracha. Pluggable type systems. In OOPSLA'04 Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028976.1029004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/792548.611966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software","author":"Gamma E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"E. Gamma , R. Helm , R. Johnson , and J. Vlissides . Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software . Addison Wesley , Reading , 1996 . ISBN 0--201--63361--2. E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software. Addison Wesley, Reading, 1996. ISBN 0--201--63361--2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Smalltalk-80 The Language and its Implementation","author":"Goldberg A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"A. Goldberg and D. Robson . Smalltalk-80 The Language and its Implementation . Addison-Wesley Publishing Company , 1983 . A. Goldberg and D. Robson. Smalltalk-80 The Language and its Implementation. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1983."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1342327.1342336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869459.1869462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Sage: Unified hybrid checking for first-class types, general refinement types, and dynamic (extended report.)","author":"Knowles K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"K. Knowles , A. Tomb , J. Gronski , S. N. Freund , and C. Flanagan . Sage: Unified hybrid checking for first-class types, general refinement types, and dynamic (extended report.) , 2007 . http:\/\/sage.soe.ucsc.edu\/sage-tr.pdf. K. Knowles, A. Tomb, J. Gronski, S. N. Freund, and C. Flanagan. Sage: Unified hybrid checking for first-class types, general refinement types, and dynamic (extended report.), 2007. http:\/\/sage.soe.ucsc.edu\/sage-tr.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/28697.28729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/28697.28718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"The C# language specification version 4.0","author":"Microsoft Corporation","year":"2010","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation . The C# language specification version 4.0 , 2010 . http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/downloads\/. Microsoft Corporation. The C# language specification version 4.0, 2010. http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/downloads\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Reflections on the teaching of programming","author":"N\u00f8rmark K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"K. N\u00f8rmark , L. Leth-Thomsen , and K. Torp . Reflections on the teaching of programming , chapter Mini Project Programming Exams, pages 229 -- 243 . Springer Verlag , LNCS 4821, 2008 . K. N\u00f8rmark, L. Leth-Thomsen, and K. Torp. Reflections on the teaching of programming, chapter Mini Project Programming Exams, pages 229--243. Springer Verlag, LNCS 4821, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2008.7.7.a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"The ASL2 home page","author":"N\u00f8rmark K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"K. N\u00f8rmark , B. Thomsen , and L. L. Thomsen . The ASL2 home page , 2012 .knurlasl2\/. K. N\u00f8rmark, B. Thomsen, and L. L. Thomsen. The ASL2 home page, 2012.knurlasl2\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Programming in Scala","author":"Odersky M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M. Odersky , L. Spoon , and B. Venners . Programming in Scala , Second Edition. Artima Incorporation , USA , 2010 . M. Odersky, L. Spoon, and B. Venners. Programming in Scala, Second Edition. Artima Incorporation, USA, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Scheme and Functional Programming Workshop","author":"Siek J. G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. G. Siek and W. Taha . Gradual typing for functional languages . In Scheme and Functional Programming Workshop , September 2006 . J. G. Siek and W. Taha. Gradual typing for functional languages. In Scheme and Functional Programming Workshop, September 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73589-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"The T programming language - A dialect of Lisp","author":"Slade S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"S. Slade . The T programming language - A dialect of Lisp . Prentice-Hall , 1987 . S. Slade. The T programming language - A dialect of Lisp. Prentice-Hall, 1987."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"the language","author":"Steele G. L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"G. L. Steele . Common Lisp , the language , 2 nd Edition. Digital Press , 1990 . G. L. Steele. Common Lisp, the language, 2nd Edition. Digital Press, 1990.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047849.2047861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25935-0_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77934-6_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2010.9.6.a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1176617.1176755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01806105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01806107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"T. Wrigstad. StOP - internal workshop series on scripts to programs. http:\/\/wrigstad.com\/stop\/. http:\/\/wrigstad.com\/stop\/.  T. Wrigstad. StOP - internal workshop series on scripts to programs. http:\/\/wrigstad.com\/stop\/. http:\/\/wrigstad.com\/stop\/."}],"event":{"name":"SPLASH '12: Conference on Systems, Programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity","location":"Tucson Arizona USA","acronym":"SPLASH '12","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 8th symposium on Dynamic languages"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2384577.2384583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2384577.2384583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:00:51Z","timestamp":1750262451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2384577.2384583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2384577.2384583","10.1145\/2384577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2384577.2384583","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/2480360.2384583","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-10-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}