{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:21:59Z","timestamp":1750306919148,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In this work, we describe our experiences in building a low cost and low power wireless mesh network using IEEE 802.15.4 technology to provide telephony services in rural regions of the developing world. 802.15.4 was originally designed for a completely different application space of non-real-time, low data rate embedded wireless sensing. We use it to design and prototype a telephony system, which we term as Lo\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            (Low cost, Low power, Local voice). Lo\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            primarily provides two use cases; (1) local and broadcast voice within the wireless mesh network, and (2) remote voice to a phone in the outside world. A Lo\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            network can cost as less as $2K, and can last for several days without power \"off the grid\", thus making it an ideal choice to meet cost and power constraints of rural regions. We test deployed a full-fledged Lo\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            system in a village near Mumbai, India for 18 hours over 3 days. We established voice calls with an end-to-end latency of less than 120ms, with an average packet loss of less than 2%, and a MOS of 3.6 which is considered as good in practice. The users too gave a positive response to our system. We also tested Lo\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            within our department where it can be used as a wireless intercom service. To our knowledge, Lo\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            is the first system to enable such a voice communication system using 802.15.4 technology, and show its effectiveness in operational settings.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2396756.2396758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T20:36:17Z","timestamp":1352925377000},"page":"2-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Building a low cost low power wireless network to enable voice communication in developing regions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Gabale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"}]},{"given":"Jeet","family":"Patani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"}]},{"given":"Rupesh","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishnan","family":"Kalyanaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"}]},{"given":"Bhaskaran","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.willow.co.uk\/html\/telosb mote platform.html.  http:\/\/www.willow.co.uk\/html\/telosb mote platform.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Department of Telecommunications Government of India Annual Report. http:\/\/www.dot.gov.in\/annualreport\/2011\/English20AR202010-11.pdf.  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