{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:36:41Z","timestamp":1761597401904,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["60972096, 90924003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60972096, 90924003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001747","name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011CB707000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011CB707000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Collaborative filtering (CF) recommenders based on User-Item rating matrix as explicitly obtained from end users have recently appeared promising in recommender systems. However, User-Item rating matrix is not always available or very sparse in some web applications, which has critical impact to the application of CF recommenders. In this article we aim to enhance the online recommender system by fusing virtual ratings as derived from user reviews. Specifically, taking into account of Chinese reviews' characteristics, we propose to fuse the self-supervised emotion-integrated sentiment classification results into CF recommenders, by which the User-Item Rating Matrix can be inferred by decomposing item reviews that users gave to the items. The main advantage of this approach is that it can extend CF recommenders to some web applications without user rating information. In the experiments, we have first identified the self-supervised sentiment classification's higher precision and recall by comparing it with traditional classification methods. Furthermore, the classification results, as behaving as virtual ratings, were incorporated into both user-based and item-based CF algorithms. We have also conducted an experiment to evaluate the proximity between the virtual and real ratings and clarified the effectiveness of the virtual ratings. The experimental results demonstrated the significant impact of virtual ratings on increasing system's recommendation accuracy in different data conditions (i.e., conditions with real ratings and without).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2414425.2414434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T13:19:41Z","timestamp":1360070381000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Generating virtual ratings from chinese reviews to augment online recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Weishi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiguang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Introduction to Machine Learning","author":"Alpaydin E.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Alpaydin , E. 2004. 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Biographies, bollywood, boom-boxes and blenders: Domain adaptation for sentiment classification . In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Blitzer, J., Drezde, M., and Pereira, F. 2007. Biographies, bollywood, boom-boxes and blenders: Domain adaptation for sentiment classification. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI '98)","author":"Breese J. S.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Breese , J. S. , Heckerman , D. , and C. Kadie , C. 1998. Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering . In Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI '98) . 43--52. Breese, J. S., Heckerman, D., and C. Kadie, C. 1998. Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI '98). 43--52."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDA.2005.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775152.775226"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1454008.1454036"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on the Web and Databases.","author":"Ganu G.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Ganu , G. , Elhadad , N. , and Marian , A . 2009. Beyond the stars: Improving rating predictions using review text content . In Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on the Web and Databases. Ganu, G., Elhadad, N., and Marian, A. 2009. Beyond the stars: Improving rating predictions using review text content. In Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on the Web and Databases."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1639714.1639735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1651461.1651473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ECAI-Workshop on Recommender Systems. 62--66","author":"Ki Leung C. W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ki Leung , C. W. , Fai Chan , S. C. , and Lai Chung , F. 2006 . Integrating collaborative filtering and sentiment analysis: A rating inference approach . In Proceedings of the ECAI-Workshop on Recommender Systems. 62--66 . Ki Leung, C. W., Fai Chan, S. C., and Lai Chung, F. 2006. Integrating collaborative filtering and sentiment analysis: A rating inference approach. In Proceedings of the ECAI-Workshop on Recommender Systems. 62--66."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of KDD Cup Workshop at SIGKDD'07","author":"Kurucz M.","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Kurucz , M. , Benczur , A. A. , and Csaloany , K . 2007. Methods for large scale SVD with missing values . In Proceedings of KDD Cup Workshop at SIGKDD'07 , 13th ACM International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 7--14. Kurucz, M., Benczur, A. A., and Csaloany, K. 2007. Methods for large scale SVD with missing values. In Proceedings of KDD Cup Workshop at SIGKDD'07, 13th ACM International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 7--14."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference. I.C. McIlwaine, Ed., 49--54","author":"Na J. C.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Na , J. C. , Sui , H. , Khoo , C. , Chan , S. , and Zhou , Y . 2004. Effectiveness of simple linguistic processing in automatic sentiment classification of product reviews . In Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference. I.C. McIlwaine, Ed., 49--54 . Na, J. C., Sui, H., Khoo, C., Chan, S., and Zhou, Y. 2004. Effectiveness of simple linguistic processing in automatic sentiment classification of product reviews. In Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference. I.C. McIlwaine, Ed., 49--54."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1118693.1118704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11429760_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the KDD Cup Workshop at the 13th ACM International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD '07)","author":"Paterek A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paterek , A. 2007 . Improving regularized singular value decomposition for collaborative filtering . In Proceedings of the KDD Cup Workshop at the 13th ACM International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD '07) . 39--42. Paterek, A. 2007. Improving regularized singular value decomposition for collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the KDD Cup Workshop at the 13th ACM International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD '07). 39--42."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1645953.1646072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1628960.1628969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390267"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"20","author":"Salakhutdinov R.","unstructured":"Salakhutdinov , R. and Mnih , A . 2008b. Probabilistic matrix factorization . In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , vol. 20 . Salakhutdinov, R. and Mnih, A. 2008b. Probabilistic matrix factorization. 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In Proceedings of the International World Wide Web Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1454008.1454015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1363686.1364171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1282280.1282290"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing. 304--311","author":"Zagibalov Z.","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Zagibalov , Z. and Carroll , J . 2008a. Unsupervised classification of sentiment and objectivity in Chinese text . In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing. 304--311 . Zagibalov, Z. and Carroll, J. 2008a. Unsupervised classification of sentiment and objectivity in Chinese text. 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