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To manage this balance, grid operators must increase or lower power generation, with only a few minutes to react. The grid balancing problem has also impeded the pace of integrating bountiful renewable resources (e.g., wind), whose generation is intermittent. An emerging plan to mitigate this problem is demand response, i.e., for grid operators to alter the electricity usage behavior of the masses through real-time price signals. But due to prohibitively high infrastructure costs and societal-scale adoption, tangible demand response mechanisms have so far been elusive.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We believe that altering the usage patterns of a multitude of data centers can be a tangible, albeit initial, step towards affecting demand response. Growing in both density and size, today's data center designs are shaped by the increasing awareness of energy costs and carbon footprint. We posit that shifting computational workloads (and thus, demand) across geographic regions to match electricity supply may help balance the grid. In this paper we will first present a real grid balancing problem experienced in the Pacfic Northwest. We then propose a symbiotic relationship between data centers and grid operators by showing that mutual cost benefits can be accessible. Finally, we argue for a low cost workload migration mechanism, and pose overarching challenges in designing this framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2425248.2425259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T15:34:16Z","timestamp":1357659256000},"page":"48-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Electric grid balancing through lowcost workload migration"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Vancouver, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonneville Power Administration, Vancouver, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,4]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Wind Integration Forum document","year":"2007","author":"Integration Action Plan Northwest Wind","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"volume-title":"Bonneville Power Administration","year":"2010","author":"Columbia","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS 11)","year":"2011","author":"Akoush S.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGRID.2010.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxp080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Bonneville Power Administration http:\/\/www.bpa.gov.  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