{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:25:33Z","timestamp":1785277533900,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The advent of digital environments has generated significant benefits for businesses, organizations, governments, academia and societies in general. Today, over millions of transactions take place on the Internet. Although the widespread use of digital environments has generally provided opportunities for societies, a number of threats have limited their adoption. The de-facto standard today is for certification authorities to authenticate the identity of service providers while trust on the provided services is implied. This approach has certain shortcomings, for example, single point of failure, implied trust rather than explicit trust and others. One approach for minimizing such threats is to introduce an effective and resilient trust mechanism that is capable of determining the trustworthiness of service providers in providing their services. Determining the trustworthiness of services reduces invalid transactions in digital environments and further encourages collaborations. Evaluating trustworthiness of a service provider without any prior historical transactions (i.e. the initial transaction) pose a number of challenging issues. This article presents TIDE - a decentralized reputation trust mechanism that determines the initial trustworthiness of entities in digital environments. TIDE improves the precision of trust computation by considering raters\u2019 feedback, number of transactions, credibility, incentive to encourage raters\u2019 participation, strategy for updating raters\u2019 category, and safeguards against dynamic personalities. Furthermore, TIDE classifies raters into three categories and promotes the flexibility and customization through its parameters. Evaluation of TIDE against several attack vectors demonstrates its accuracy, robustness and resilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2461321.2461323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]],"date-time":"2013-05-28T16:35:32Z","timestamp":1369758932000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Modeling Decentralized Reputation-Based Trust for Initial Transactions in Digital Environments"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ilung","family":"Pranata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Newcastle, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukshan","family":"Athauda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Newcastle, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Newcastle, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.","author":"Breslau L.","unstructured":"Breslau , L. , Cao , P. , Fan , L. , Phillips , G. , and Shenker , S . 1999. Web caching and Zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications . In Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Breslau, L., Cao, P., Fan, L., Phillips, G., and Shenker, S. 1999. Web caching and Zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/647068.759968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang E. Dillon T. and Hussain F. K. 2006. Trust Reputation for Service-Oriented Environments. Wiley West Sussex UK.  Chang E. Dillon T. and Hussain F. K. 2006. Trust Reputation for Service-Oriented Environments . Wiley West Sussex UK.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470028261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"DigiNotar certificate authority breach crashes e-Government in the Netherlands","author":"Charette R.","unstructured":"Charette , R. 2011. DigiNotar certificate authority breach crashes e-Government in the Netherlands . IEEE Spectrum . http:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/riskfactor\/telecom\/security\/diginotar-certificate-authority-breach-crashes-egovernment-in-the-netherlands. Charette, R. 2011. DigiNotar certificate authority breach crashes e-Government in the Netherlands. IEEE Spectrum. http:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/riskfactor\/telecom\/security\/diginotar-certificate-authority-breach-crashes-egovernment-in-the-netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2002.1046644"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2003.1209003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/352871.352889"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS\u201901)","author":"Douceur J. R.","unstructured":"Douceur , J. R. and Donath , J. S . 2002. The Sybil attack . In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS\u201901) . 251--260. Douceur, J. R. and Donath, J. S. 2002. The Sybil attack. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS\u201901). 251--260."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDT.2007.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"European Commission. 2005. Communication from the commission: What is an European digital ecosystem? Introductory paper. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/enterprise\/ict\/conferences\/doc\/p5_de2.pdf.  European Commission. 2005. Communication from the commission: What is an European digital ecosystem? Introductory paper. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/enterprise\/ict\/conferences\/doc\/p5_de2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1183463.1183470"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference.","author":"Golbeck J.","unstructured":"Golbeck , J. and Hendler , J . 2006b. FilmTrust: Movie recommendations using trust in web-based social networks . In Proceedings of the IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference. Golbeck, J. and Hendler, J. 2006b. FilmTrust: Movie recommendations using trust in web-based social networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/138859.138867"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2000.5340804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST\u201908)","author":"Ion M.","unstructured":"Ion , M. , Danzi , A. , Koshuntanski , H. , and Telesca , L . 2008. A peer-to-peer multidimensional trust model for digital ecosystems . In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST\u201908) . Ion, M., Danzi, A., Koshuntanski, H., and Telesca, L. 2008. A peer-to-peer multidimensional trust model for digital ecosystems. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST\u201908)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Bled Electronic Commerce Conference.","author":"Josang A.","unstructured":"Josang , A. and Ismail , R . 2002. The beta reputation system . In Proceedings of the 15th Bled Electronic Commerce Conference. Josang, A. and Ismail, R. 2002. The beta reputation system. In Proceedings of the 15th Bled Electronic Commerce Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference.","author":"Josang A.","unstructured":"Josang , A. , Hayward , R. , and Pope , S . 2006. Trust network analysis with subjective logic . In Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference. Josang, A., Hayward, R., and Pope, S. 2006. Trust network analysis with subjective logic. In Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2005.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775152.775242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11755593_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2077489.2077491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1754393.1754397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Lemos R. 2001. Microsoft warns of hijacked certificates. CNET news http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/2100-1001-254586.html.  Lemos R. 2001. Microsoft warns of hijacked certificates. CNET news http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/2100-1001-254586.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems (NSDI\u201910)","author":"Lesniewski-Laas C.","unstructured":"Lesniewski-Laas , C. and Kaashoek , M. F . 2010. Whanau: A Sybil-proof distributed hash table . In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems (NSDI\u201910) . Lesniewski-Laas, C. and Kaashoek, M. F. 2010. Whanau: A Sybil-proof distributed hash table. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems (NSDI\u201910)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE).","author":"Malik Z.","unstructured":"Malik , Z. and Bougettaya , A . 2007. Evaluating rater credibility for reputation assessment of web services . In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE). Malik, Z. and Bougettaya, A. 2007. Evaluating rater credibility for reputation assessment of web services. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS).","author":"Massa P.","unstructured":"Massa , P. and Avesani , P . 2004. Trust-aware collaborative filtering for recommender systems . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS). Massa, P. and Avesani, P. 2004. Trust-aware collaborative filtering for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD\u201908)","author":"Mei Y.","unstructured":"Mei , Y. , Dong , X. , Tian , Z. , Guan , S. , and Chen , H . 2008. EntityTrust: Feedback credibility-based global reputation mechanism in cooperative computing system . In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD\u201908) . Mei, Y., Dong, X.,Tian, Z., Guan, S., and Chen, H. 2008. EntityTrust: Feedback credibility-based global reputation mechanism in cooperative computing system. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD\u201908)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Nachira F. Chiozza E. Ihonen H. Manzoni M. and Cunningham F. 2002. Towards a network of digital business ecosystems fostering the local development. Discussion paper. http:\/\/www.digital-ecosystems.org\/do\/discussionpaper.pdf.  Nachira F. Chiozza E. Ihonen H. Manzoni M. and Cunningham F. 2002. Towards a network of digital business ecosystems fostering the local development. Discussion paper. http:\/\/www.digital-ecosystems.org\/do\/discussionpaper.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Nachira F. Dini P. and Nicolai. A. 2007. A network of digital business ecosystems for Europe: roots processes and perspectives. Introductory paper. http:\/\/www.digital-ecosystems.org\/book\/DBE-2007.pdf.  Nachira F. Dini P. and Nicolai. A. 2007. A network of digital business ecosystems for Europe: roots processes and perspectives. Introductory paper. http:\/\/www.digital-ecosystems.org\/book\/DBE-2007.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS\u201911)","author":"Noorian Z.","unstructured":"Noorian , Z. , Marsh , S. , and Fleming , M . 2011. Multi-layer cognitived filtering by behavioural modelling . In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS\u201911) . Noorian, Z., Marsh, S., and Fleming, M. 2011. Multi-layer cognitived filtering by behavioural modelling. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS\u201911)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Page L. Brin S. Motwani R. and Winograd T. 1998. The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web. Tech. rep. Stanford University Stanford CA.  Page L. Brin S. Motwani R. and Winograd T. 1998. The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web. Tech. rep. Stanford University Stanford CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2077489.2077492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence.","author":"Regan K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Regan , K. , Poupart , P. , and Cohen ., R. 2006 . Bayesian reputation modelling in e-marketplaces sensitive to subjectivity deception and change . In Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence. Regan, K., Poupart, P., and Cohen., R. 2006. Bayesian reputation modelling in e-marketplaces sensitive to subjectivity deception and change. In Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-006-4309-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Semantic Web Conference.","author":"Richardson M.","unstructured":"Richardson , M. , Agrawal , R. , and Domingos , P . 2003. Trust management for the semantic web . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Semantic Web Conference. Richardson, M., Agrawal, R., and Domingos, P. 2003. Trust management for the semantic web. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Semantic Web Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/375735.376110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings the Inaugural IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST).","author":"Schmidt S.","unstructured":"Schmidt , S. , Steele , R. , and Dillon , T . 2007. DEco Arch: Trust and reputation aware service brokering architecture in digital ecosystems . In Proceedings the Inaugural IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST). Schmidt, S., Steele, R., and Dillon, T. 2007. DEco Arch: Trust and reputation aware service brokering architecture in digital ecosystems. In Proceedings the Inaugural IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing.","author":"Singh A.","unstructured":"Singh , A. and Liu , L . 2003. TrustMe: Anonymous management of trust relationships in decentralized P2P systems . In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing. Singh, A. and Liu, L. 2003. TrustMe: Anonymous management of trust relationships in decentralized P2P systems. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060745.1060808"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/92485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-006-5952-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"University of Pennsylvania. TM\/RM Simulator. http:\/\/rtg.cis.upenn.edu\/qtm\/p2psim.php3.  University of Pennsylvania. TM\/RM Simulator. http:\/\/rtg.cis.upenn.edu\/qtm\/p2psim.php3."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Digital Environments: From Social Concept to System Development","author":"West A. G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"West , A. G. , Kannan , S. , Lee , I. , and Sokolsky , O . 2010 . An evaluation framework for reputation management systems. In Trust Modeling and Management in Digital Environments: From Social Concept to System Development , Y. Zheng Ed. West, A. G., Kannan, S., Lee, I., and Sokolsky, O. 2010. An evaluation framework for reputation management systems. In Trust Modeling and Management in Digital Environments: From Social Concept to System Development, Y. Zheng Ed."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2004.1318566"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1159913.1159945"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839510050144868"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS\u201999)","author":"Zacharia G.","unstructured":"Zacharia , G. , Moukas , A. , and Maes , P . 1999. Collaborative reputation mechanisms in electronic marketplaces . In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS\u201999) . Zacharia, G., Moukas, A., and Maes, P. 1999. Collaborative reputation mechanisms in electronic marketplaces. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS\u201999)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2008.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on E-Technology, E-Commerce, and E-Service.","author":"Ziegler C. N.","unstructured":"Ziegler , C. N. and Lausen , G . 2004. Spreading activation models for trust propagation . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on E-Technology, E-Commerce, and E-Service. Ziegler, C. N. and Lausen, G. 2004. Spreading activation models for trust propagation. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on E-Technology, E-Commerce, and E-Service."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"The Official PGP User\u2019s Guide. Massachusetts","author":"Zimmermann P. R.","unstructured":"Zimmermann , P. R. 1995. The Official PGP User\u2019s Guide. Massachusetts . MIT Press , Cambridge, MA . Zimmermann, P. R. 1995. The Official PGP User\u2019s Guide. Massachusetts. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort","author":"Zipf G. K.","unstructured":"Zipf , G. K. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort . Addison-Wesley Press , Reading, MA . Zipf, G. K. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort. Addison-Wesley Press, Reading, MA."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Internet Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2461321.2461323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2461321.2461323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:18:43Z","timestamp":1750234723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2461321.2461323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2461321.2461323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2461321.2461323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-5399","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-6051","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}