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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We present\n            <jats:italic>femto-photography<\/jats:italic>\n            , a novel imaging technique to capture and visualize the propagation of light. With an effective exposure time of 1.85 picoseconds (ps) per frame, we reconstruct movies of ultrafast events at an equivalent resolution of about one half trillion frames per second. Because cameras with this shutter speed do not exist, we re-purpose modern imaging hardware to record an ensemble average of repeatable events that are synchronized to a streak sensor, in which the time of arrival of light from the scene is coded in one of the sensor's spatial dimensions. We introduce reconstruction methods that allow us to visualize the propagation of femtosecond light pulses through macroscopic scenes; at such fast resolution, we must consider the notion of\n            <jats:italic>time-unwarping<\/jats:italic>\n            between the camera's and the world's space-time coordinate systems to take into account effects associated with the finite speed of light. We apply our femto-photography technique to visualizations of very different scenes, which allow us to observe the rich dynamics of time-resolved light transport effects, including scattering, specular reflections, diffuse interreflections, diffraction, caustics, and subsurface scattering. Our work has potential applications in artistic, educational, and scientific visualizations; industrial imaging to analyze material properties; and medical imaging to reconstruct subsurface elements. In addition, our time-resolved technique may motivate new forms of computational photography.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T18:06:45Z","timestamp":1373998005000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Femto-photography"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Velten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab and University of Wisconsin at Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab and Tsinghua University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Jarabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Zaragoza"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"Masia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab and Universidad de Zaragoza"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Barsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinmaya","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab and College of Engineering, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Everett","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moungi","family":"Bawendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Zaragoza"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Raskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.3.000121"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busck J. and Heiselberg H. 2004. Gated viewing and high-accuracy three-dimensional laser radar. Applied optics 43 24 4705--4710.  Busck J. and Heiselberg H. 2004. Gated viewing and high-accuracy three-dimensional laser radar. Applied optics 43 24 4705--4710.","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.43.004705"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1983.1071909"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"International Image Sensor Workshop, 246--249","author":"Charbon E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Charbon , E. 2007 . Will avalanche photodiode arrays ever reach 1 megapixel? In International Image Sensor Workshop, 246--249 . Charbon, E. 2007. Will avalanche photodiode arrays ever reach 1 megapixel? In International Image Sensor Workshop, 246--249."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Cola\u00e7o A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cola\u00e7o , A. , Kirmani , A. , Howland , G. A. , Howell , J. C. , and Goyal , V. K . 2012. 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