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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We use a data-driven approach to study both style and abstraction in sketching of a human face. We gather and analyze data from a number of artists as they sketch a human face from a reference photograph. To achieve different levels of abstraction in the sketches, decreasing time limits were imposed -- from four and a half minutes to fifteen seconds. We analyzed the data at two levels: strokes and geometric shape. In each, we create a model that captures both the style of the different artists and the process of abstraction. These models are then used for a portrait sketch synthesis application. Starting from a novel face photograph, we can synthesize a sketch in the various artistic styles and in different levels of abstraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T18:06:45Z","timestamp":1373998005000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Style and abstraction in portrait sketching"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Itamar","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya and Disney Research Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Shamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya and Disney Research Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney Research Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney Research Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney Research Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.993558"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 1702--1707","author":"Chang I.-C.","unstructured":"Chang , I.-C. , and Cheng , R . -M. 2011. Caricaturation for human face pictures . In International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 1702--1707 . Chang, I.-C., and Cheng, R.-M. 2011. Caricaturation for human face pictures. In International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 1702--1707."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/641007.641040"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/987657.987673"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2004 Asia Conference on Computer Vision.","author":"Chiang P.","unstructured":"Chiang , P. , Liao , W. , and Li , T . 2004. Automatic caricature generation by analyzing facial features . In Proceedings of the 2004 Asia Conference on Computer Vision. Chiang, P., Liao, W., and Li, T. 2004. Automatic caricature generation by analyzing facial features. 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Hertzmann, A., Oliver, N., Curless, B., and Seitz, S. M. 2002. Curve analogies. In Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, 233--246."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2077341.2077342"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1274871.1274878"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.01882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling -","author":"Le N. K. H.","unstructured":"Le , N. K. H. , Why , Y. P. , and Ashraf , G . 2011. Shape stylized face caricatures . In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling - Volume Part I , MMM'11, 536--547. Le, N. K. H., Why, Y. P., and Ashraf, G. 2011. Shape stylized face caricatures. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling - Volume Part I, MMM'11, 536--547."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, PG '02, 386--393","author":"Liang L.","unstructured":"Liang , L. , Chen , H. , Xu , Y.-Q. , and Shum , H . -Y. 2002. Example-based caricature generation with exaggeration . In Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, PG '02, 386--393 . Liang, L., Chen, H., Xu, Y.-Q., and Shum, H.-Y. 2002. Example-based caricature generation with exaggeration. 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