{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:36:50Z","timestamp":1791265010033,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]],"date-time":"2013-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004344","name":"Adobe Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004344","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS 1161645, NSF 1011919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS 1161645, NSF 1011919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000145","name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS 1161645, NSF 1011919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS 1161645, NSF 1011919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Good lighting is crucial in photography and can make the difference between a great picture and a discarded image. Traditionally, professional photographers work in a studio with many light sources carefully set up, with the goal of getting a near-final image at exposure time, with post-processing mostly focusing on aspects orthogonal to lighting. Recently, a new workflow has emerged for architectural and commercial photography, where photographers capture several photos from a fixed viewpoint with a moving light source. The objective is not to produce the final result immediately, but rather to capture useful data that are later processed, often significantly, in photo editing software to create the final well-lit image.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This new workflow is flexible, requires less manual setup, and works well for time-constrained shots. But dealing with several tens of unorganized layers is painstaking, requiring hours to days of manual effort, as well as advanced photo editing skills. Our objective in this paper is to make the compositing step easier. We describe a set of optimizations to assemble the input images to create a few<jats:italic>basis lights<\/jats:italic>that correspond to common goals pursued by photographers, e.g., accentuating edges and curved regions. We also introduce<jats:italic>modifiers<\/jats:italic>that capture standard photographic tasks, e.g., to alter the lights to soften highlights and shadows, akin to umbrellas and soft boxes. Our experiments with novice and professional users show that our approach allows them to quickly create satisfying results, whereas working with unorganized images requires considerably more time. Casual users particularly benefit from our approach since coping with a large number of layers is daunting for them and requires significant experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T18:06:45Z","timestamp":1373998005000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["User-assisted image compositing for photographic lighting"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ivaylo","family":"Boyadzhiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adelson E. H. and Bergen J. R. 1991. The plenoptic function and the elements of early vision. In Computational Models of Visual Processing MIT Press. Adelson E. H. and Bergen J. R. 1991. The plenoptic function and the elements of early vision. In Computational Models of Visual Processing MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2002.003.0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015718"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.2003.1250392"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618476"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.01975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366219"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/245.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964938"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"Cohen M. F. Colburn R. A. and Drucker S. 2003. Image stacks. Tech. rep. Microsoft Research. MSR-TR-2003-40. Cohen M. F. Colburn R. A. and Drucker S. 2003. Image stacks. Tech. rep. Microsoft Research. MSR-TR-2003-40."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344855"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015778"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276441"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"Guanzon J. and Blake M. 2011. Video of computational design workflow (https:\/\/http:\/\/vimeo.com\/30363913). Tech. rep. Guanzon J. and Blake M. 2011. Video of computational design workflow (https:\/\/http:\/\/vimeo.com\/30363913). Tech. rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter F. Fuqua P. and Biver S. 2011. Light Science and Magic 4\/e. Elsevier Science. Hunter F. Fuqua P. and Biver S. 2011. Light Science and Magic 4\/e . Elsevier Science.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-240-81225-0.00002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276401"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","unstructured":"Kelley M. P. 2011. Video of computational design workflow (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=J-exuHchmSk). Tech. rep. Kelley M. P. 2011. Video of computational design workflow (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=J-exuHchmSk). Tech. rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","unstructured":"Kelley M. P. 2012. Private communication with proffesional photographer. Tech. rep. Private Photographer. Kelley M. P. 2012. Private communication with proffesional photographer. Tech. rep. Private Photographer."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276464"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_43"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PG.2007.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","unstructured":"Ng R. Levoy M. Br\u00e9dif M. Duval G. Horowitz M. and Hanrahan P. 2005. Light Field Photography with a Hand-Held Plenoptic Camera. Tech. rep. Apr. Ng R. Levoy M. Br\u00e9dif M. Duval G. Horowitz M. and Hanrahan P. 2005. Light Field Photography with a Hand-Held Plenoptic Camera. Tech. rep. Apr."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostrovsky Y. Cavanagh P. and Sinha P. 2005. Perceiving illumination inconsistencies in scenes. Perception 34. Ostrovsky Y. Cavanagh P. and Sinha P. 2005. Perceiving illumination inconsistencies in scenes. Perception 34 .","DOI":"10.1068\/p5418"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-007-0110-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778771"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015777"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015779"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366220"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/166117.166135"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Light waving: Estimating light positions from photographs alone","volume":"24","author":"Winnem\u00f6eller H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Winnem\u00f6eller , H. , Mohan , A. , Tumblin , J. , and Gooch , B. 2005 . Light waving: Estimating light positions from photographs alone . Computer Graphics Forum 24 , 3 . Winnem\u00f6eller, H., Mohan, A., Tumblin, J., and Gooch, B. 2005. Light waving: Estimating light positions from photographs alone. Computer Graphics Forum 24, 3.","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2461912.2461973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2461912.2461973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:35:48Z","timestamp":1750235748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2461912.2461973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2461912.2461973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2461912.2461973","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-07-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}