{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:52:20Z","timestamp":1773694340027,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":43,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]],"date-time":"2013-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2491956.2462195","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,11]],"date-time":"2013-06-11T12:03:50Z","timestamp":1370952230000},"page":"15-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Automated feedback generation for introductory programming assignments"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Rishabh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, USA"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Gulwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, USA"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Solar-Lezama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90023-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Ahmed U.","year":"2013","unstructured":"U. Ahmed , S. Gulwani , and A. Karkare . Automatically generating problems and solutions for natural deduction . In IJCAI , 2013 . U. Ahmed, S. Gulwani, and A. Karkare. Automatically generating problems and solutions for natural deduction. In IJCAI, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Alur R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. Alur , L. D'Antoni , S. Gulwani , D. Kini , and M. Viswanathan . Automated grading of dfa constructions . In IJCAI , 2013 . R. Alur, L. D'Antoni, S. Gulwani, D. Kini, and M. Viswanathan. Automated grading of dfa constructions. In IJCAI, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1370175.1370223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/604131.604140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866029.1866078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1706299.1706339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/305786.305904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2010.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1163405.1163409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"AAAI","author":"Farrell R. G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"R. G. Farrell , J. R. Anderson , and B. J. Reiser . An interactive computer-based tutor for lisp . In AAAI , 1984 . R. G. Farrell, J. R. Anderson, and B. J. Reiser. An interactive computer-based tutor for lisp. In AAAI, 1984."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1569901.1570031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-005-0202-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1375581.1375616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993498.1993505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2240236.2240260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993498.1993504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2254064.2254114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/362946.362981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/268084.268210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11513988_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1985.232210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993498.1993550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"AAAI","author":"Junker U.","year":"2004","unstructured":"U. Junker . QUICKXPLAIN : preferred explanations and relaxations for over-constrained problems . In AAAI , 2004 . U. Junker. QUICKXPLAIN: preferred explanations and relaxations for over-constrained problems. In AAAI, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"FMCAD","author":"K\u00f6nighofer R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"R. K\u00f6nighofer and R. P. Bloem . Automated error localization and correction for imperative programs . In FMCAD , 2011 . R. K\u00f6nighofer and R. P. Bloem. Automated error localization and correction for imperative programs. In FMCAD, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Learning design wisdom by augmenting physical studio critique with online self-assessment. Technical report","author":"Kulkarni C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"C. Kulkarni and S. R. Klemmer . Learning design wisdom by augmenting physical studio critique with online self-assessment. Technical report , Stanford University , 2012 . C. Kulkarni and S. R. Klemmer. Learning design wisdom by augmenting physical studio critique with online self-assessment. Technical report, Stanford University, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1806596.1806632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866029.1866040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00169.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","first-page":"239","volume-title":"From PROUST to CHIRON: Its design as iterative engineering: Intermediate results are important! In In J","author":"Sack W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"W. Sack , E. Soloway , and P. Weingrad . From PROUST to CHIRON: Its design as iterative engineering: Intermediate results are important! In In J .H. Larkin and R.W. Chabay (Eds.), Computer-Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches ., pages 239 -- 274 , 1992 . W. Sack, E. Soloway, and P. Weingrad. From PROUST to CHIRON: Its design as iterative engineering: Intermediate results are important! In In J.H. Larkin and R.W. Chabay (Eds.), Computer-Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches., pages 239--274, 1992."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Learning semantic string transformations from examples","author":"Singh R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. Singh and S. Gulwani . Learning semantic string transformations from examples . PVLDB , 5 , 2012 . R. Singh and S. Gulwani. Learning semantic string transformations from examples. PVLDB, 5, 2012.","journal-title":"PVLDB"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2025113.2025153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"AAAI","author":"Singh R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. Singh , S. Gulwani , and S. K. Rajamani . Automatically generating algebra problems . In AAAI , 2012 . R. Singh, S. Gulwani, and S. K. Rajamani. Automatically generating algebra problems. In AAAI, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Automated semantic grading of programs. CoRR, abs\/1204.1751","author":"Singh R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. Singh , S. Gulwani , and A. Solar-Lezama . Automated semantic grading of programs. CoRR, abs\/1204.1751 , 2012 . R. Singh, S. Gulwani, and A. Solar-Lezama. Automated semantic grading of programs. CoRR, abs\/1204.1751, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1065010.1065045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Soloway E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"E. Soloway , B. P. Woolf , E. Rubin , and P. Barth . Meno-II: An Intelligent Tutoring System for Novice Programmers . In IJCAI , 1981 . E. Soloway, B. P. Woolf, E. Rubin, and P. Barth. Meno-II: An Intelligent Tutoring System for Novice Programmers. In IJCAI, 1981."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1706299.1706337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11560548_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1706299.1706338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Workshops at the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Weld D. S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"D. S. Weld , E. Adar , L. Chilton , R. Hoffmann , and E. Horvitz . Personalized online education - a crowdsourcing challenge . In Workshops at the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence , 2012 . D. S. Weld, E. Adar, L. Chilton, R. Hoffmann, and E. Horvitz. Personalized online education - a crowdsourcing challenge. In Workshops at the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.988498"}],"event":{"name":"PLDI '13: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","location":"Seattle Washington USA","acronym":"PLDI '13","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 34th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2491956.2462195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2491956.2462195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:39:10Z","timestamp":1750221550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2491956.2462195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2491956.2462195","10.1145\/2491956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2491956.2462195","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/2499370.2462195","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}