{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:46:19Z","timestamp":1769755579215,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In software engineering, system modeling is the process of formulating a representation of a real system in an abstract way to understand its behavior. Software testing encourages reusing these models for testing purpose. This expedites the process of test case generation. UML structural and behavioral specification diagrams have been used by testing researchers for generation of test scenarios and test data.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The aim of this survey is to improve the understanding of UML based testing techniques. We have focused on test case generation from the behavioral specification diagrams, namely sequence, state chart and activity diagrams. We classify the various research approaches that are based on formal specifications, graph theoretic, heuristic testing, and direct UML specification processing. We discuss the issues of test coverage associated with these approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2492248.2492274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T18:06:45Z","timestamp":1373998005000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["UML behavioral model based test case generation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Shirole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur WB, India"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur WB, India"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233837"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1978.231496"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"629","volume-title":"ICSE '76, (Los Alamitos, CA, USA)","author":"Jessop W. H.","year":"1976","unstructured":"W. H. Jessop , J. R. Kane , S. Roy , and J. M. Scanlon , \" ATLAS-An Automated Software Testing System,\" in Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering , ICSE '76, (Los Alamitos, CA, USA) , pp. 629 -- 635 , IEEE Computer Society Press , 1976 . W. H. Jessop, J. R. Kane, S. Roy, and J. M. Scanlon, \"ATLAS-An Automated Software Testing System,\" in Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering, ICSE '76, (Los Alamitos, CA, USA), pp. 629--635, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Testing Object-Oriented Systems: Models, Patterns, and Tools","author":"Binder R. V.","year":"1999","unstructured":"R. V. Binder , Testing Object-Oriented Systems: Models, Patterns, and Tools , vol. 1 . Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. , 1999 . R. V. Binder, Testing Object-Oriented Systems: Models, Patterns, and Tools, vol. 1. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Modeling Languages, Concepts, and Tools, (London, UK, UK)","author":"Briand L. C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"L. C. Briand and Y. Labiche , \" A UML-Based Approach to System Testing,\" in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on The Unified Modeling Language , Modeling Languages, Concepts, and Tools, (London, UK, UK) , pp. 194 -- 208 , Springer-Verlag , 2001 . L. C. Briand and Y. Labiche, \"A UML-Based Approach to System Testing,\" in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on The Unified Modeling Language, Modeling Languages, Concepts, and Tools, (London, UK, UK), pp. 194--208, Springer-Verlag, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"UML '02","author":"Basanieri F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"F. Basanieri , A. Bertolino , and E. Marchetti , \" The Cow Suite Approach to Planning and Deriving Test Suites in UML Projects,\" in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on The Unified Modeling Language , UML '02 , pp. 383 -- 397 , Springer-Verlag , 2002 . F. Basanieri, A. Bertolino, and E. Marchetti, \"The Cow Suite Approach to Planning and Deriving Test Suites in UML Projects,\" in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on The Unified Modeling Language, UML '02, pp. 383--397, Springer-Verlag, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11334-005-0006-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/949952.940120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2006.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1145581.1145606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2008.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"372","volume-title":"Automated test case generation from use case: A model based approach,\" in Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT)","author":"Chen L.","year":"2010","unstructured":"L. Chen and Q. Li , \" Automated test case generation from use case: A model based approach,\" in Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT) , 2010 , vol. 1 , pp. 372 -- 377 , July 2010. L. Chen and Q. Li, \"Automated test case generation from use case: A model based approach,\" in Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), 2010, vol. 1, pp. 372--377, July 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Practical Model-Based Testing: A Tools Approach","author":"Utting M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"M. Utting and B. Legeard , Practical Model-Based Testing: A Tools Approach . San Francisco, CA, USA : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc ., 2006 . M. Utting and B. Legeard, Practical Model-Based Testing: A Tools Approach. San Francisco, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Using UML collaboration diagrams for static checking and test generation,\" in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language: Advancing the Standard","author":"Abdurazik A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"A. Abdurazik and J. Offutt , \" Using UML collaboration diagrams for static checking and test generation,\" in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language: Advancing the Standard , pp. 383 -- 395 , Springer-Verlag , 2000 . A. Abdurazik and J. Offutt, \"Using UML collaboration diagrams for static checking and test generation,\" in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language: Advancing the Standard, pp. 383--395, Springer-Verlag, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"261","volume-title":"ASE 2002","author":"Fraikin F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"F. Fraikin and T. Leonhardt , \" SeDiTeC-Testing Based on Sequence Diagrams,\" in Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering , ASE 2002 , pp. 261 -- 266 , 2002 . F. Fraikin and T. Leonhardt, \"SeDiTeC-Testing Based on Sequence Diagrams,\" in Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2002, pp. 261--266, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2006.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1138929.1138934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1292","volume-title":"ISIC","author":"Cartaxo E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"E. Cartaxo , F. Neto , and P. Machado , \" Test Case Generation by means of UML Sequence Diagrams and Labeled Transition Systems,\" in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics , ISIC , pp. 1292 -- 1297 , 2007 . E. Cartaxo, F. Neto, and P. Machado, \"Test Case Generation by means of UML Sequence Diagrams and Labeled Transition Systems,\" in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, ISIC, pp. 1292--1297, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIS.2007.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ADCOM.2007.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"ICS2008","author":"Lei Y.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y. Lei and N. Lin , \" Semiautomatic Test Case Generation Based on Sequence Diagrams,\" International Computer Symposium , ICS2008 , pp. 349 -- 355 , 2008 . Y. Lei and N. 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Kumar \"A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Based Test Case Generation Using Sequence Diagrams \" in Contemporary Computing vol. 94 of Communications in Computer and Information Science pp. 53--63 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14834-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2010.9.2.a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"J.\n      Offutt\n     and \n      A.\n      Abdurazik \"\n  Generating Tests from UML Specifications \" in UML'99 -- The Unified Modeling Language vol. \n  1723\n   of \n  Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. \n  76\n  --\n  76 Springer 1999\n  .   J. Offutt and A. Abdurazik \"Generating Tests from UML Specifications \" in UML'99 -- The Unified Modeling Language vol. 1723 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. 76--76 Springer 1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-sen:19990602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Test Selection from UML Statecharts,\" in Proceedings of the Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems","volume":"31","author":"Liuying L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"L. Liuying and Q. Zhichang , \" Test Selection from UML Statecharts,\" in Proceedings of the Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems , TOOLS 31 , pp. 273 -- 279 , 1999 . L. Liuying and Q. Zhichang, \"Test Selection from UML Statecharts,\" in Proceedings of the Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems, TOOLS 31, pp. 273--279, 1999.","journal-title":"TOOLS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/347636.348872"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"2428","volume-title":"GECCO'03","author":"Baresel A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"A. Baresel , H. Pohlheim , and S. Sadeghipour , \" Structural and functional sequence test of dynamic and state-based software with evolutionary algorithms,\" in Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation: Part-II , GECCO'03 , pp. 2428 -- 2441 , Springer-Verlag , 2003 . A. Baresel, H. Pohlheim, and S. Sadeghipour, \"Structural and functional sequence test of dynamic and state-based software with evolutionary algorithms,\" in Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation: Part-II, GECCO'03, pp. 2428--2441, Springer-Verlag, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.\n      Briand J.\n      Cui and \n      Y.\n      Labiche \"\n  Towards Automated Support for Deriving Test Data from UML Statecharts \" in UML 2003 - The Unified Modeling Language. Modeling Languages and Applications vol. \n  2863\n   of \n  Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. 249{\n  264 Springer Berlin \/ Heidelberg 2003\n  .  L. Briand J. Cui and Y. Labiche \"Towards Automated Support for Deriving Test Data from UML Statecharts \" in UML 2003 - The Unified Modeling Language. Modeling Languages and Applications vol. 2863 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. 249{264 Springer Berlin \/ Heidelberg 2003.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45221-8_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"296","volume-title":"SAICSIT '03","author":"Kansomkeat S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"S. Kansomkeat and W. Rivepiboon , \" Automated-Generating Test Case Using UML Statechart Diagrams,\" in Proceedings of the Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on Enablement through technology , SAICSIT '03 , pp. 296 -- 300 , 2003 . S. Kansomkeat and W. Rivepiboon, \"Automated-Generating Test Case Using UML Statechart Diagrams,\" in Proceedings of the Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on Enablement through technology, SAICSIT '03, pp. 296--300, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/987682.987865"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-005-0090-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QSIC.2005.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlap.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSEA.2007.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SYNASC.2007.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1953355.1953374"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2004.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2005.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11430230_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2005.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1138929.1138931"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD.2007.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1366110.1366145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2008.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2008.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISECS.2009.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2009.8.3.a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSE.2009.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10617-010-9052-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Generating Test Cases from UML Activity Diagrams using the Condition-Classification Tree Method,\" in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE)","author":"Kansomkeat S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Kansomkeat , P. Thiket , and J. Offutt , \" Generating Test Cases from UML Activity Diagrams using the Condition-Classification Tree Method,\" in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE) , 2010 , pp. 62 -- 66 , 2010. S. Kansomkeat, P. Thiket, and J. Offutt, \"Generating Test Cases from UML Activity Diagrams using the Condition-Classification Tree Method,\" in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE), 2010, pp. 62--66, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-009-0133-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11424529_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Generating Test Sequences from UML Sequence Diagrams and State Diagrams","author":"Sokenou D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"D. Sokenou , \" Generating Test Sequences from UML Sequence Diagrams and State Diagrams ,\" in GI Jahrestagung (2) , pp. 236 -- 240 , 2006 . D. Sokenou, \"Generating Test Sequences from UML Sequence Diagrams and State Diagrams,\" in GI Jahrestagung (2), pp. 236--240, 2006.","journal-title":"GI Jahrestagung (2)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2006.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2009.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2010.9.5.a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Software Testing: A Craftsman's Approach","author":"Jorgensen P. C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"P. C. Jorgensen , Software Testing: A Craftsman's Approach , Third Edition. AUERBACH , 3 ed., 2008 . P. C. Jorgensen, Software Testing: A Craftsman's Approach, Third Edition. AUERBACH, 3 ed., 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","unstructured":"OMG \"UML superstructure v2.1.2 \" November 2007. http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/2.1.2\/.  OMG \"UML superstructure v2.1.2 \" November 2007. http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/2.1.2\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.\n      Buchs L.\n      Pedro and \n      L.\n      Lucio \"\n  Formal Test Generation from UML Models \" in Research Results of the DICS Program vol. \n  4028\n   of \n  Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. \n  145\n  --\n  171 Springer 2006\n  .   D. Buchs L. Pedro and L. Lucio \"Formal Test Generation from UML Models \" in Research Results of the DICS Program vol. 4028 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. 145--171 Springer 2006.","DOI":"10.1007\/11808107_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECBS.2010.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SBESC.2011.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-003-0026-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645434.652625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","unstructured":"D.\n      Seifert S.\n      Helke and \n      T.\n      Santen \"\n  Test Case Generation for UML Statecharts \" in Perspectives of System Informatics vol. \n  2890\n   of \n  Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. \n  93\n  --\n  109 Springer Berlin \/ Heidelberg 2003\n  .  D. Seifert S. Helke and T. Santen \"Test Case Generation for UML Statecharts \" in Perspectives of System Informatics vol. 2890 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. 93--109 Springer Berlin \/ Heidelberg 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Rigorous Testing by Merging Structural and Behavioral UML Representations,\" in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language","author":"Pilskalns O.","year":"2003","unstructured":"O. Pilskalns , A. Andrews , S. Ghosh , and R. France , \" Rigorous Testing by Merging Structural and Behavioral UML Representations,\" in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language , pp. 234 -- 248 , 2003 . O. Pilskalns, A. Andrews, S. Ghosh, and R. France, \"Rigorous Testing by Merging Structural and Behavioral UML Representations,\" in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language, pp. 234--248, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2008.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2134254.2134271"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Towards Automated Test Sequence Generation,\" in Proceedings of the 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering","author":"Farooq U.","year":"2008","unstructured":"U. Farooq , C. P. Lam , and H. Li , \" Towards Automated Test Sequence Generation,\" in Proceedings of the 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering , pp. 441 -- 450 , IEEE Computer Society , 2008 . U. Farooq, C. P. Lam, and H. Li, \"Towards Automated Test Sequence Generation,\" in Proceedings of the 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 441--450, IEEE Computer Society, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.\n      Ammann J.\n      Offutt and \n      W.\n      Xu \"\n  Coverage Criteria for State Based Specifications \" in Formal Methods and Testing\n   (R. Hierons J. Bowen and M. Harman eds.) vol. \n  4949\n   of \n  Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. \n  118\n  --\n  156 Springer Berlin \/ Heidelberg 2008\n  .   P. Ammann J. Offutt and W. Xu \"Coverage Criteria for State Based Specifications \" in Formal Methods and Testing (R. Hierons J. Bowen and M. Harman eds.) vol. 4949 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science pp. 118--156 Springer Berlin \/ Heidelberg 2008.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78917-8_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31984-9_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTW.2010.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2004.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.12.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2009.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2010.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"O utt, \"A Controlled Experimental Evaluation of Test Cases Generated from UML Diagrams,\" tech. rep","author":"Abdurazik A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"A. Abdurazik and J. O utt, \"A Controlled Experimental Evaluation of Test Cases Generated from UML Diagrams,\" tech. rep ., 2004 . A. Abdurazik and J. 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