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Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            With the miniaturization of electronic devices, small-size but high-capacity power supply systems appear to be more and more important. A hybrid power source, which consists of a fuel cell (FC) and a rechargeable battery, has the advantages of long lifetime and good load-following capabilities. In this article, we propose the schematic of a hybrid power supply system that can be integrated on a chip compatible with present CMOS processes. For the on-chip, fuel-cell-based hybrid power system in wireless sensor node design, we propose a two steps optimization: (1) dynamic power management (DPM), and (2) adaptive fuel cell optimal power point tracking (AOPPT). Simulation results demonstrate that the on-chip FC-Bat hybrid power system can be used for wireless sensor nodes under different usage scenarios. Our proposed DPM method can achieve 12.9% more energy savings than the method without DPM. Meanwhile, implementing our AOPPT approach can save about 17% energy compared with the fixed architecture for the fuel cell system. For an on-chip power system with 1cm\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            area consumption, the wafer-level battery can power a typical sensor node for only about five months, while our on-chip hybrid power system will supply the same sensor node for two years steadily.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2492683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]],"date-time":"2014-05-02T13:45:52Z","timestamp":1399038352000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On-Chip Hybrid Power Supply System for Wireless Sensor Nodes"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wulong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}]},{"given":"Yuchun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University"}]},{"given":"Huazhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OPTIM.2008.4602367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSST.2009.5156739"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL'08)","author":"Boscaino V.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"V. Boscaino , G. Capponi , P. Livreri , and F. Marino . 2008. A fuel cell-supercapacitor power supply for portable applications . In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL'08) . 1--4. V. Boscaino, G. Capponi, P. Livreri, and F. Marino. 2008. A fuel cell-supercapacitor power supply for portable applications. In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL'08). 1--4."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC'07)","author":"Boulon L.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"L. Boulon , M. C. Pera , D. Hissel , A. Bouscayrol , and P. Delarue . 2007. Energetic macroscopic representation of a fuel cell-supercapacitor system . In Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC'07) . 290--297. L. Boulon, M. C. Pera, D. Hissel, A. Bouscayrol, and P. Delarue. 2007. Energetic macroscopic representation of a fuel cell-supercapacitor system. 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