{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:22:15Z","timestamp":1750306935969,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensors, processors, and radios can be integrated invisibly into objects to make them smart and sensitive to user interaction, but feedback is often limited to beeps, blinks, or buzzes. We propose to redress this input-output imbalance by augmentation of smart objects with projected displays, that\u2014unlike physical displays\u2014allow seamless integration with the natural appearance of an object. In this article, we investigate how, in a ubiquitous computing world, smart objects can acquire and control a projection. We consider that projectors and cameras are ubiquitous in the environment, and we develop a novel conception and system that enables smart objects to spontaneously associate with projector-camera systems for cooperative augmentation. Projector-camera systems are conceived as generic, supporting standard computer vision methods for different appearance cues, and smart objects provide a model of their appearance for method selection at runtime, as well as sensor observations to constrain the visual detection process. Cooperative detection results in accurate location and pose of the object, which is then tracked for visual augmentation in response to display requests by the smart object. In this article, we define the conceptual framework underlying our approach; report on computer vision experiments that give original insight into natural appearance-based detection of everyday objects; show how object sensing can be used to increase speed and robustness of visual detection; describe and evaluate a fully implemented system; and describe two smart object applications to illustrate the system's cooperative augmentation process and the embodied interactions it enables with smart objects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2499474.2499476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T15:14:00Z","timestamp":1375370040000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cooperative augmentation of mobile smart objects with projected displays"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Molyneaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Gellersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Finney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'02)","author":"Antifakos S.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Antifakos , S. , Michahelles , F. , and Schiele , B . 2002. Proactive instructions for furniture assembly . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'02) . 351--360. Antifakos, S., Michahelles, F., and Schiele, B. 2002. Proactive instructions for furniture assembly. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'02). 351--360."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365031"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR'01)","author":"Bandyopadhyay D.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay , D. , Raskar , R. , and Fuchs , H . 2001. Dynamic shader lamps: Painting on moveable objects . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR'01) . 207--216. Bandyopadhyay, D., Raskar, R., and Fuchs, H. 2001. Dynamic shader lamps: Painting on moveable objects. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR'01). 207--216."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(00)00180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.993558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8493(01)00117-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864431.1864436"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2005.21"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'11)","author":"Bo L.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Bo , L. , Ren , X. , and Fox , D . 2011. Depth kernel descriptors for object recognition . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'11) . 821--826. Bo, L., Ren, X., and Fox, D. 2011. Depth kernel descriptors for object recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'11). 821--826."},{"volume-title":"IEEE International Workshop on Projector-Camera Systems (PROCAMS'03)","author":"Borkowski S.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Borkowski , S. , Riff , O. , and Crowley , J. L . 2003. Projecting rectified images in an augmented environment . In IEEE International Workshop on Projector-Camera Systems (PROCAMS'03) . Borkowski, S., Riff, O., and Crowley, J. L. 2003. Projecting rectified images in an augmented environment. In IEEE International Workshop on Projector-Camera Systems (PROCAMS'03)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging, Science and Technology (SPIE'05)","author":"Brasnett P.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Brasnett , P. , Mihaylova , L. , Canagarajah , N. , and Bull , D . 2005. Particle filtering with multiple cues for object tracking in video sequences . In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging, Science and Technology (SPIE'05) . 430--441. Brasnett, P., Mihaylova, L., Canagarajah, N., and Bull, D. 2005. Particle filtering with multiple cues for object tracking in video sequences. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging, Science and Technology (SPIE'05). 430--441."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1294211.1294220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68504-3_11"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05)","author":"Decker C.","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Decker , C. , Krohn , A. , Beigl , M. , and Zimmer , T . 2005. The particle computer system . In Proceedings of the 4th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05) . 443--448. Decker, C., Krohn, A., Beigl, M., and Zimmer, T. 2005. The particle computer system. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05). 443--448."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Building Bridges: Interdisciplinary Context-Sensitive Computing. 1--6.","author":"Dix A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dix , A. 2002 . Beyond intention: Pushing boundaries with incidental interaction . In Proceedings of the Conference on Building Bridges: Interdisciplinary Context-Sensitive Computing. 1--6. Dix, A. 2002. Beyond intention: Pushing boundaries with incidental interaction. In Proceedings of the Conference on Building Bridges: Interdisciplinary Context-Sensitive Computing. 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2004.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/518918.837534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24673-2_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409240.1409263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2212776.2223828"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357089"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.765655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1622176.1622202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851600.1851627"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive'11)","author":"Kawsar F.","key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Kawsar , F. , Vermeulen , J. , Smith , K. , Luyten , K. , and Kortuem , G . 2011. Exploring the design space for situated glyphs to support dynamic work environments . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive'11) . Springer, 70--78. Kawsar, F., Vermeulen, J., Smith, K., Luyten, K., and Kortuem, G. 2011. Exploring the design space for situated glyphs to support dynamic work environments. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive'11). Springer, 70--78."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR'02)","author":"Kjeldsen R.","key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Kjeldsen , R. , Pinhanez , C. , Pingali , G. , Hartman , J. , Levas , T. , and Podlaseck , M . 2002. Interacting with steerable projected displays . In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR'02) . 402--410. Kjeldsen, R., Pinhanez, C., Pingali, G., Hartman, J., Levas, T., and Podlaseck, M. 2002. Interacting with steerable projected displays. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR'02). 402--410."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2007.4538852"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2009.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1095034.1095045"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence (ICAT'11)","author":"Lee W.","key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Lee , W. , Park , N. , and Woo , W . 2011. Depth-assisted real-time 3D object detection for augmented reality . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence (ICAT'11) . 126--132. Lee, W., Park, N., and Woo, W. 2011. Depth-assisted real-time 3D object detection for augmented reality. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence (ICAT'11). 126--132."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp'03)","author":"Levas A.","key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Levas , A. , Pinhanez , C. , Pingali , G. , Kjeldsen , R. , Podlaseck , M. , and Sukaviriya , P. N . 2003. An architecture and framework for steerable interface systems . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp'03) . 333--348. Levas, A., Pinhanez, C., Pingali, G., Kjeldsen, R., Podlaseck, M., and Sukaviriya, P. N. 2003. An architecture and framework for steerable interface systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp'03). 333--348."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO'04)","author":"Li P.","key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Li , P. and Chaumette , F . 2004 Image cues fusion for object tracking based on particle filter . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO'04) . 99--10. Li, P. and Chaumette, F. 2004 Image cues fusion for object tracking based on particle filter. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO'04). 99--10."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2009.4912831"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"1321","article-title":"A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE","volume":"12","author":"Milgram P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Milgram , P. and Kishino , F. 1994 . A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. E77-D , 12 , 1321 -- 1329 . Milgram, P. and Kishino, F. 1994. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. E77-D, 12, 1321--1329.","journal-title":"Trans. Inf. Syst. E77-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1520340.1520626"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'07)","author":"Molyneaux D.","key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Molyneaux , D. , Gellersen , H. , Kortuem , G. , and Schiele , B . 2007. Cooperative augmentation of smart objects with projector-camera systems . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'07) . 501--518. Molyneaux, D., Gellersen, H., Kortuem, G., and Schiele, B. 2007. Cooperative augmentation of smart objects with projector-camera systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'07). 501--518."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88793-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1517664.1517741"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31205-2_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2004.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/647987.741324"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11551201_20"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR'99)","author":"Raskar R.","key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Raskar , R. , Welch , G. , and Chen , W. C . 1999. Table-top spatially-augmented reality: Bringing physical models to life with projected imagery . In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR'99) . Raskar, R., Welch, G., and Chen, W. C. 1999. Table-top spatially-augmented reality: Bringing physical models to life with projected imagery. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR'99)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015738"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:WINE.0000044028.20424.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2011.17"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on 3D Digital Imaging and Modeling (3DIM'01)","author":"Rusinkiewicz S.","key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Rusinkiewicz , S. and Levoy , M . 2001. Efficient variants of the icp algorithm . In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on 3D Digital Imaging and Modeling (3DIM'01) . 145--152. Rusinkiewicz, S. and Levoy, M. 2001. Efficient variants of the icp algorithm. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on 3D Digital Imaging and Modeling (3DIM'01). 145--152."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'10)","author":"Rusu R. B.","key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Rusu , R. B. , Bradski , G. , Thibaux , R. , and Hsu , J . 2010. Fast 3d recognition and pose using the viewpoint feature histogram . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'10) . 2155--2162. Rusu, R. B., Bradski, G., Thibaux, R., and Hsu, J. 2010. Fast 3d recognition and pose using the viewpoint feature histogram. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'10). 2155--2162."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'11)","author":"Saenko K.","key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Saenko , K. , Karayev , S. , Jia , Y. , Fritz , M. , Long , J. , Janoch , A. , Shyr , A. , and Darrell , T . 2011. Practical 3-d object detection using category and instance-level appearance models . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'11) . 793--800. Saenko, K., Karayev, S., Jia, Y., Fritz, M., Long, J., Janoch, A., Shyr, A., and Darrell, T. 2011. Practical 3-d object detection using category and instance-level appearance models. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'11). 793--800."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1291233.1291311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008120406972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2380116.2380166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2006.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Doctoral Colloquium at the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC'04)","author":"Spassova L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spassova , L. 2004 . Fluid beam -- A steerable projector and camera unit . In Proceedings of the Doctoral Colloquium at the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC'04) . 56--58. Spassova, L. 2004. Fluid beam -- A steerable projector and camera unit. In Proceedings of the Doctoral Colloquium at the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC'04). 56--58."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS'01)","author":"Spengler M.","key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Spengler , M. and Schiele , B . 2001. Towards robust multi-cue integration for visual tracking . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS'01) . 93--106. Spengler, M. and Schiele, B. 2001. Towards robust multi-cue integration for visual tracking. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS'01). 93--106."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IROS Workshop on Defining and Solving Realistic Perception Problems in Personal Robotics.","author":"Steder B.","key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Steder , B. , Rusu , R. B. , Konolige , K. , and Burgard , W . 2010. NARF: 3D range image features for object recognition . In Proceedings of the IROS Workshop on Defining and Solving Realistic Perception Problems in Personal Robotics. Steder, B., Rusu, R. B., Konolige, K., and Burgard, W. 2010. NARF: 3D range image features for object recognition. In Proceedings of the IROS Workshop on Defining and Solving Realistic Perception Problems in Personal Robotics."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI'04)","author":"Strohbach M.","key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"Strohbach , M. , Kortuem , G. , Gellersen , H. , and Kray , C . 2004a. Using cooperative artefacts as basis for activity recognition . In Proceedings of the European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI'04) . 49--60. Strohbach, M., Kortuem, G., Gellersen, H., and Kray, C. 2004a. Using cooperative artefacts as basis for activity recognition. In Proceedings of the European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI'04). 49--60."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'04)","author":"Strohbach M.","key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","unstructured":"Strohbach , M. , Gellersen , H. , Kortuem , G. , and Kray , C . 2004b. Cooperative artefacts: Assessing real world situations with embedded technology . In Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'04) . 250--267. Strohbach, M., Gellersen, H., Kortuem, G., and Kray, C. 2004b. Cooperative artefacts: Assessing real world situations with embedded technology. In Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'04). 250--267."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). 4566--4571","author":"St\u00fcckler J.","key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","unstructured":"St\u00fcckler , J. and Behnke , S . 2010. Combining depth and color cues for scale- and viewpoint- invariant object segmentation and recognition using random forests . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). 4566--4571 . St\u00fcckler, J. and Behnke, S. 2010. Combining depth and color cues for scale- and viewpoint- invariant object segmentation and recognition using random forests. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). 4566--4571."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11428572_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00130487"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.393.0915"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311593"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/647985.761041"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the DARPA\/NIST Smart Spaces Workshop. 140--143","author":"Want R.","key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"Want , R. , Weiser , M. , and Mynatt , B . 1998. Activating everyday objects . In Proceedings of the DARPA\/NIST Smart Spaces Workshop. 140--143 . Want, R., Weiser, M., and Mynatt, B. 1998. Activating everyday objects. In Proceedings of the DARPA\/NIST Smart Spaces Workshop. 140--143."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2002.993143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiser M. 1991. The computer for the twenty-first century. Sci. Amer. (9\/91) 94--104.  Weiser M. 1991. The computer for the twenty-first century. Sci. Amer. (9\/91) 94--104.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0991-94"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979096"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866029.1866073"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2499474.2499476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2499474.2499476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:35:43Z","timestamp":1750235743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2499474.2499476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2499474.2499476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2499474.2499476","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2160-6455"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2160-6463"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}