{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T01:23:42Z","timestamp":1777339422255,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Web-based malware is a growing threat to today's Internet security. Attacks of this type are prevalent and lead to serious security consequences. Millions of malicious URLs are used as distribution channels to propagate malware all over the Web. After being infected, victim systems fall in the control of attackers, who can utilize them for various cyber crimes such as stealing credentials, spamming, and distributed denial-of-service attacks. Moreover, it has been observed that traditional security technologies such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems have only limited capability to mitigate this new problem.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In this article, we survey the state-of-the-art research regarding the analysis of\u2014and defense against\u2014Web-based malware attacks. First, we study the attack model, the root cause, and the vulnerabilities that enable these attacks. Second, we analyze the status quo of the Web-based malware problem. Third, three categories of defense mechanisms are discussed in detail: (1) building honeypots with virtual machines or signature-based detection system to discover existing threats; (2) using code analysis and testing techniques to identify the vulnerabilities of Web applications; and (3) constructing reputation-based blacklists or smart sandbox systems to protect end-users from attacks. We show that these three categories of approaches form an extensive solution space to the Web-based malware problem. Finally, we compare the surveyed approaches and discuss possible future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2501654.2501663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T12:58:51Z","timestamp":1377608331000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Analyzing and defending against web-based malware"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna K.","family":"Venkatasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Insup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1177220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Stride: Polymorphic sled detection through instruction sequence analysis. In Proceedings of the 20th IFIP International Conference on Security and Privacy in the Age of Ubiquitous Computing","author":"Akritidis P.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th USENIX Security Symposium.","author":"Antonakakis M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA'03)","author":"Bai Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CATCH.2009.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID'07)","author":"Bailey M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS'11)","author":"Balduzzi M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2008.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2010.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2005.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS'11)","author":"Bilge L."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bind Vulnerabilities. 1998. Multiple vulnerabilities in bind. ftp:\/\/info.cert.org\/pub\/cert advisories\/CA-98.05.bind problems.  Bind Vulnerabilities. 1998. Multiple vulnerabilities in bind. ftp:\/\/info.cert.org\/pub\/cert advisories\/CA-98.05.bind problems.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-4858(98)90168-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST'10)","author":"Binsalleeh H."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2076006.2076012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christodorescu M. Jha S. Maughan D. Song D. and Wang C. 2007. Malware Detection. Springer.   Christodorescu M. Jha S. Maughan D. Song D. and Wang C. 2007. Malware Detection. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-44599-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Chrome Malware. 2010. New drive-by attack targets google chrome users. http:\/\/downloadsquad.switched.com\/2010\/04\/20\/new-drive-by-attack-targets-google-chrome-users\/.  Chrome Malware. 2010. New drive-by attack targets google chrome users. http:\/\/downloadsquad.switched.com\/2010\/04\/20\/new-drive-by-attack-targets-google-chrome-users\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1542476.1542483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cova M. Leita C. Thonnard O. Keromytis A. and \n      \n      \n      Dacier M\n      \n  \n  . \n  2010\n  b. An analysis of rogue av campaigns. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection. S. Jha R. Sommer and C. Kreibich Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  6307 Springer 442--463.   Cova M. Leita C. Thonnard O. Keromytis A. and Dacier M. 2010b. An analysis of rogue av campaigns. In Proceedings of the 13 th International Conference on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection. S. Jha R. Sommer and C. Kreibich Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 6307 Springer 442--463.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15512-3_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2006.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1455770.1455784"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Zozzle: Low-overhead mostly static javascript malware detection. Tech. rep. MSR-TR-2010-156, Microsoft Research.","author":"Curtsinger C.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies. USENIX Association","author":"Daniel M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Dasient Report. 2010. Dasient q3 malware update: Web-based malware infections double since last year malvertising attacks continue over summer. http:\/\/blog.dasient.com\/2010\/11\/normal.html.  Dasient Report. 2010. Dasient q3 malware update: Web-based malware infections double since last year malvertising attacks continue over summer. http:\/\/blog.dasient.com\/2010\/11\/normal.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECURWARE.2009.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of BlackHat USA. https:\/\/www.blackhat.com\/presentations\/bh-usa-07\/Feinstein_and_Peck\/Whitepaper\/bh-usa-07-feinstein_and_peck-WP.pdf.","author":"Feinstein B."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1314389.1314402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2009.5070546"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM'03)","author":"Garetto M.","year":"1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Garfinkel S. and Spafford G. 2001. Web Security Privacy and Commerce 2nd Ed. O'Reilly and Associates Sebastopol CA.   Garfinkel S. and Spafford G. 2001. Web Security Privacy and Commerce 2 nd Ed. O'Reilly and Associates Sebastopol CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2006.253270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Google Safe Browsing Project. 2011. Google safe browsing api homepage. http:\/\/code.google.com\/apis\/safebrowsing\/.  Google Safe Browsing Project. 2011. Google safe browsing api homepage. http:\/\/code.google.com\/apis\/safebrowsing\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Google Web Index. 2008. We knew the web was big. http:\/\/googleblog.blogspot.com\/2008\/07\/we-knew-web-was-big.html.  Google Web Index. 2008. We knew the web was big. http:\/\/googleblog.blogspot.com\/2008\/07\/we-knew-web-was-big.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2008.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Conference on USENIX Security Symposium (SSYM'09)","author":"Guarnieri S."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062745.1062789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Secure Software Engineering.","author":"Halfond W. G."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INCOS.2010.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/988672.988679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Idika N. and Mathur A. P. 2010. A survey of malware detection techniques. Tech. rep. 286 Purdue University Department of Computer Science. http:\/\/www.internetworldstats.com\/stats.htm.  Idika N. and Mathur A. P. 2010. A survey of malware detection techniques. Tech. rep. 286 Purdue University Department of Computer Science. http:\/\/www.internetworldstats.com\/stats.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11416-008-0086-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1352592.1352603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242654"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1095810.1095820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2006.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1134744.1134751"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1455770.1455774"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141277.1141357"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/948109.948144"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1328408.1328410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC'09)","author":"Li C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2008.4483668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS'11)","author":"Li Z."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866307.1866356"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(93)90029-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1557019.1557153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1755688.1755691"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT'08)","author":"Marhusin M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2007.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Security Symposium. USENIX Association","author":"Moshchuk A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS'06)","author":"Moshchuk E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th USENIX Conference on Security. USENIX Association","author":"Motoyama M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.283931"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT'05)","author":"Murali A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on Large-Scale Exploits and Emergent Threats: Botnets, Spyware, Worms, and More (LEET'09)","author":"Nazario J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECURWARE.2010.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1216370.1216373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID'07)","author":"Polychronakis M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Workshop on Large-Scale Exploits and Emergent Threats. USENIX Association","author":"Polychronakis M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium. 1--16","author":"Provos N."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Conference on the 1st Workshop on Hot Topics in Understanding Botnets. USENIX Association","author":"Provos N."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2004.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Conference on USENIX Security Symposium (SSYM'09)","author":"Ratanaworabhan P."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","unstructured":"Rbn Study. 2007. Russian business network study. http:\/\/www.bizeul.org\/files\/RBN study.pdf.  Rbn Study. 2007. Russian business network study. http:\/\/www.bizeul.org\/files\/RBN study.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'06)","author":"Reis C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1519065.1519090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","unstructured":"Rfc-2828. 2000. IETF RFC 2828. http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2828\/.  Rfc-2828. 2000. IETF RFC 2828. http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2828\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1920261.1920267"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1039834.1039864"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.708448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSNC.2008.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242821"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.806121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1501434.1501479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2010.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS).","author":"Saxena P."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt A.-D. Schmidt H.-G. Batyuk L. Clausen J. Camtepe S. Albayrak S. and Yildizli C. 2009. Smartphone malware evolution revisited: Android next target&quest; In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software (MALWARE'09). 1--7.  Schmidt A.-D. Schmidt H.-G. Batyuk L. Clausen J. Camtepe S. Albayrak S. and Yildizli C. 2009. Smartphone malware evolution revisited: Android next target&quest; In Proceedings of the 4 th International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software (MALWARE'09). 1--7.","DOI":"10.1109\/MALWARE.2009.5403026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks. 935--941","author":"Seifert C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istr.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1593105.1593239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31979-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1755688.1755705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the BlackHat Europe Security Conference.","author":"Sotirov A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the BlackHat Security Conference.","author":"Sotirov A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1111037.1111070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","unstructured":"Tipton H. 2009. Information Security Management Handbook. Vol. 3 6th Ed. CRC Press Boca Raton FL.   Tipton H. 2009. Information Security Management Handbook. Vol. 3 6 th Ed. CRC Press Boca Raton FL."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","unstructured":"Top Ten Project. 2011. OWASP top ten project. http:\/\/www.owasp.org\/.  Top Ten Project. 2011. OWASP top ten project. http:\/\/www.owasp.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID'02)","author":"Toth T."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Annual IIT Kanpur Hacker's Workshop.","author":"Vinod P."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1030194.1015489"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS).","author":"Wang Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th USENIX Conference on System Administration (LISA'03)","author":"Wang Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1250734.1250739"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1368088.1368112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID'07)","author":"Wilhelm J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Security Symposium.","volume":"15","author":"Xie Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BWCCA.2010.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526838"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT'10)","author":"Zeidanloo H."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1444455.1446211"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2501654.2501663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2501654.2501663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:28:48Z","timestamp":1750231728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2501654.2501663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2501654.2501663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2501654.2501663","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}