{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T10:34:56Z","timestamp":1778150096518,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000143","name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF-1017516 and CCF-0746608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCF-1017516 and CCF-0746608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Conventional CMOS devices are facing an increasing number of challenges as their feature sizes scale down. Graphene nanoribbon (GNR) based devices are shown to be a promising replacement of traditional CMOS at future technology nodes. However, all previous works on GNRs focus at the device level. In order to integrate these devices into electronic systems, routing becomes a key issue. In this article, the GNR routing problem is studied for the first time. We formulate the GNR routing problem as a minimum hybrid-cost shortest path problem on triangular mesh (\u201chybrid\u201d means that we need to consider both the length and the bending of the routing path). We show that by graph expansion, this minimum hybrid-cost shortest path problem can be solved by applying the conventional shortest path algorithm on the expanded graph. Experimental results show that our GNR routing algorithm effectively handles the hybrid cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2505056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,6]],"date-time":"2013-11-06T14:09:19Z","timestamp":1383746959000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A routing algorithm for graphene nanoribbon circuit"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Synopsys Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synopsys Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Chilstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin D. F.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl070708c"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3587627"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'08)","author":"Chang Y.-J.","unstructured":"Chang , Y.-J. , Lee , Y.-T. , and Wang , T . -C. 2008. Nthu-route 2.0: A fast and stable global router . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'08) . 338--343. Chang, Y.-J., Lee, Y.-T., and Wang, T.-C. 2008. Nthu-route 2.0: A fast and stable global router. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'08). 338--343."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jctn.2012.2147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE'13)","author":"Chen Y.-Y.","unstructured":"Chen , Y.-Y. , Rogachev , A. , Sangai , A. , Iannaccone , G. , Fiori , G. , and Chen , D . 2013. A spice-compatible model of graphene nano-ribbon field-effect transistors enabling circuit-level delay and power analysis under process variation . In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE'13) . Chen, Y.-Y., Rogachev, A., Sangai, A., Iannaccone, G., Fiori, G., and Chen, D. 2013. A spice-compatible model of graphene nano-ribbon field-effect transistors enabling circuit-level delay and power analysis under process variation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE'13)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'07)","author":"Cho M.","unstructured":"Cho , M. , Lu , K. , Yuan , K. , and Pan , D. Z . 2007. Boxrouter 2.0: architecture and implementation of a hybrid and robust global router . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'07) . IEEE\/ACM, 503--508. Cho, M., Lu, K., Yuan, K., and Pan, D. Z. 2007. Boxrouter 2.0: architecture and implementation of a hybrid and robust global router. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'07). 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Multi-layer global routing considering via and wire capacities . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'08) . 350--355. Hsu, C.-H., Chen, H.-Y., and Chang, Y.-W. 2008. Multi-layer global routing considering via and wire capacities. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'08). 350--355."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11467-009-0029-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2010.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2009.2026524"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl803316h"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design. 606--610","author":"Ma Q.","unstructured":"Ma , Q. , Yan , T. , and Wong , M . 2010. A negotiated congestion based router for simultaneous escape routing . In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design. 606--610 . Ma, Q., Yan, T., and Wong, M. 2010. A negotiated congestion based router for simultaneous escape routing. In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design. 606--610."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"4479","article-title":"Transfer-free batch fabrication of single layer graphene transistors","volume":"12","author":"Mark S. G.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mark , S. G. , Levendorf , P. , Ruiz-Vargas , C. S. , and Park , J. 2009 . Transfer-free batch fabrication of single layer graphene transistors . Nano Lett. 12 , 4479 -- 4483 . Mark, S. G., Levendorf, P., Ruiz-Vargas, C. S., and Park, J. 2009. Transfer-free batch fabrication of single layer graphene transistors. Nano Lett. 12, 4479--4483.","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/201310.201328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.54.17954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. IEEE\/ACM (ICCAD'07)","author":"Ozdal M. M.","unstructured":"Ozdal , M. M. and Wong , M. D. F. 2007. Archer: a history-driven global routing algorithm . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. IEEE\/ACM (ICCAD'07) . 488--495. Ozdal, M. M. and Wong, M. D. F. 2007. Archer: a history-driven global routing algorithm. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. 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A.","unstructured":"Roy , J. A. and Markov , I. L . 2007. High-performance routing at the nanometer scale . In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'07) . IEEE\/ACM, 496--502. Roy, J. A. and Markov, I. L. 2007. High-performance routing at the nanometer scale. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'07). IEEE\/ACM, 496--502."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.97.216803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/1.4711128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2009.2024254"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl070133j"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference. 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