{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:20:04Z","timestamp":1750306804099,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Chinese and Japanese languages share Chinese characters. Since the Chinese characters in Japanese originated from ancient China, many common Chinese characters exist between these two languages. Since Chinese characters contain significant semantic information and common Chinese characters share the same meaning in the two languages, they can be quite useful in Chinese-Japanese machine translation (MT). We therefore propose a method for creating a Chinese character mapping table for Japanese, traditional Chinese, and simplified Chinese, with the aim of constructing a complete resource of common Chinese characters. Furthermore, we point out two main problems in Chinese word segmentation for Chinese-Japanese MT, namely, unknown words and word segmentation granularity, and propose an approach exploiting common Chinese characters to solve these problems. We also propose a statistical method for detecting other semantically equivalent Chinese characters other than the common ones and a method for exploiting shared Chinese characters in phrase alignment. Results of the experiments carried out on a state-of-the-art phrase-based statistical MT system and an example-based MT system show that our proposed approaches can improve MT performance significantly, thereby verifying the effectiveness of shared Chinese characters for Chinese-Japanese MT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2523057.2523059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T13:42:53Z","timestamp":1382449373000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chinese-Japanese Machine Translation Exploiting Chinese Characters"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chenhui","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University"}]},{"given":"Sadao","family":"Kurohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 249--256","author":"Bai M.-H.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/972470.972474"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. Association for Computational Linguistics, 224--232","author":"Chang P.-C.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing. 88--94","author":"Chen W.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. 587--590","author":"Chou Y.-M.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. 1693--1696","author":"Chou Y.-M.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the MT Summit XIII. 475--482","author":"Chu C.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT\u201912)","author":"Chu C.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201912)","author":"Chu C.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing (NLP\u201912)","author":"Chu C.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1118693.1118694"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics, 17--24","author":"DeNero J.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11562214_59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1598848.1598857"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220835.1220858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073445.1073462"},{"volume":"180","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion","author":"Koehn P.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073483.1073499"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP\u201904)","author":"Kudo T.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sharable Natural Language. 22--28","author":"Kurohashi S.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th SIGHAN Workshop on Chinese Language Processing (SIGHAN\u201905)","author":"Low J. K.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL (EACL\u201909)","author":"Ma Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP. Association for Computational Linguistics.","author":"Nakazawa T.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th NTCIR Workshop Meeting on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (NTCIR-9).","author":"Nakazawa T.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/505168.505170"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089120103321337421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220355.1220436"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP).","volume":"2","author":"Stolcke A.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Automatic alignment of Japanese-Chinese bilingual texts. IEICE","volume":"1","author":"Tan C. L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans. Inform. Syst. E78-D"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201910)","author":"Wang Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_31_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing. Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing, 309--317","author":"Wang Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_32_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.","author":"Xia F.","key":"e_1_2_1_33_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACL SIGHAN Workshop. O. Streiter and Q. Lu Eds., Association for Computational Linguistics, 122--128","author":"Xu J.","key":"e_1_2_1_34_1"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2523057.2523059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2523057.2523059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:34:53Z","timestamp":1750232093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2523057.2523059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2523057.2523059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2523057.2523059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-0226","1558-3430"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-0226"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-3430"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}