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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multilevel flash memory cells double or even triple storage density, producing affordable solid-state disks for end users. As flash memory endures only limited program-erase cycles, solid-state disks employ wear-leveling methods to prevent any portions of flash memory from being retired prematurely. Modern solid-state disks must consider wear evenness at both block and channel levels. This study first presents a block-level wear-leveling method whose design has two new ideas. First, the proposed method reuses the intelligence available in flash-translation layers so it does not require any new data structures. Second, it adaptively tunes the threshold of block-level wear leveling according to the runtime write pattern. This study further introduces a new channel-level wear-leveling strategy, because block-level wear leveling is confined to a channel, but realistic workloads do not evenly write all channels. The proposed method swaps logical blocks among channels for achieving an eventually-even state of channel lifetimes. A series of trace-driven simulations show that our wear-leveling method outperforms existing approaches in terms of wear evenness and overhead reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2539036.2539051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T19:50:46Z","timestamp":1387569046000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An adaptive, low-cost wear-leveling algorithm for multichannel solid-state disks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Li-Pin","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung-Yang","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1288783.1288788"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference (ATC'08)","author":"Agrawal N.","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1807060.1807061"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2010.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1640457.1640463"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1967677.1967683"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium. 187--196","author":"Chang L.-P.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2009.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1555754.1555790"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Global Unichip Corp. 2009. 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