{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:47:37Z","timestamp":1772164057154,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":68,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2541940.2541966","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T08:21:11Z","timestamp":1393316471000},"page":"177-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Underprovisioning backup power infrastructure for datacenters"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"}]},{"given":"Sriram","family":"Govindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Sivasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Kansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"}]},{"given":"Badriddine","family":"Khessib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation (NSDI)","author":"Agarwal Y.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Y. Agarwal , S. Hodges , R. Chandra , J. Scott , P. Bahl , and R. Gupta . Somniloquy: augmenting network interfaces to reduce pc energy usage . In Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation (NSDI) , 2009 . Y. Agarwal, S. Hodges, R. Chandra, J. Scott, P. Bahl, and R. Gupta. Somniloquy: augmenting network interfaces to reduce pc energy usage. In Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation (NSDI), 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"AGIGARAM\n  : DDR3 Non-Volatile DIMM. http:\/\/www.agigatech.com\/pdf\/pdf_ProductBrief_DDR3_ 12-0820.pdf.  AGIGARAM: DDR3 Non-Volatile DIMM. http:\/\/www.agigatech.com\/pdf\/pdf_ProductBrief_DDR3_ 12-0820.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2465529.2465768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2039252.2039257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Lee. Idlepower: Application-Aware Management of Processor Idle States. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Managed Many- Core Systems (MMCS, in conjunction with HPDC)","author":"Amur H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"H. Amur , R. Nathuji , M. Ghosh , K. Schwan , and H.-H. S. Lee. Idlepower: Application-Aware Management of Processor Idle States. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Managed Many- Core Systems (MMCS, in conjunction with HPDC) , 2008 . H. Amur, R. Nathuji, M. Ghosh, K. Schwan, and H.-H. S. Lee. Idlepower: Application-Aware Management of Processor Idle States. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Managed Many- Core Systems (MMCS, in conjunction with HPDC), 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2367736.2367742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"APC InfraStruxure Total Cost of Ownership 2013. http:\/\/www.apc.com\/tools\/isx\/tco\/index.cfm.  APC InfraStruxure Total Cost of Ownership 2013. http:\/\/www.apc.com\/tools\/isx\/tco\/index.cfm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Comparing UPS System Design Configurations","author":"APC","year":"2008","unstructured":"APC White paper : Comparing UPS System Design Configurations , 2008 . APC White paper: Comparing UPS System Design Configurations, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Peak Shaving Through Resource Buffering. In Workshop On Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA)","author":"Bar-Noy A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"A. Bar-Noy , M. P. Johnson , and O. Liu . Peak Shaving Through Resource Buffering. In Workshop On Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA) , 2008 . A. Bar-Noy, M. P. Johnson, and O. Liu. Peak Shaving Through Resource Buffering. In Workshop On Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA), 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1643608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Benefits OF Using Mobile Transformers and Mobile Substations for Rapidly Restoring Electrical Service 2006. http:\/\/energy.gov\/sites\/prod\/files\/oeprod\/DocumentsandMedia\/MTS_Report_to_Congress_FINAL_73106.pdf.  Benefits OF Using Mobile Transformers and Mobile Substations for Rapidly Restoring Electrical Service 2006. http:\/\/energy.gov\/sites\/prod\/files\/oeprod\/DocumentsandMedia\/MTS_Report_to_Congress_FINAL_73106.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Exploring the Potential of CMP Core Count Management on Data Center Energy Savings. In Workshop on Energy Efficient Design","author":"Bilgir O.","year":"2011","unstructured":"O. Bilgir , M. Martonosi , and Q. Wu . Exploring the Potential of CMP Core Count Management on Data Center Energy Savings. In Workshop on Energy Efficient Design , 2011 . O. Bilgir, M. Martonosi, and Q. Wu. Exploring the Potential of CMP Core Count Management on Data Center Energy Savings. In Workshop on Energy Efficient Design, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"InWorkshop on Power Management for Real-Time and Embedded Systems","author":"Bohrer P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"P. Bohrer , D. Cohn , E. Elnozahy , T. Keller , M. Kistler , C. Lefurgy , R. Rajamony , F. Rawson , and E. V. Hensbergen . Energy Conservation for Servers . InWorkshop on Power Management for Real-Time and Embedded Systems , 2001 . P. Bohrer, D. Cohn, E. Elnozahy, T. Keller, M. Kistler, C. Lefurgy, R. Rajamony, F. Rawson, and E. V. Hensbergen. Energy Conservation for Servers. InWorkshop on Power Management for Real-Time and Embedded Systems, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/224056.224058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502034.502045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of NSDI","author":"Chen G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"G. Chen , W. He , J. Liu , S. Nath , L. Rigas , L. Xiao , and F. Zhao . Energy-aware Server Provisioning and Load Dispatching for Connection-intensive Internet Services . In Proceedings of NSDI , 2008 . G. Chen, W. He, J. Liu, S. Nath, L. Rigas, L. Xiao, and F. Zhao. Energy-aware Server Provisioning and Load Dispatching for Connection-intensive Internet Services. In Proceedings of NSDI, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI)","author":"Clark C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"C. Clark , K. Fraser , S. Hand , J. Hansen , E. Jul , C. Limpach , I. Pratt , and A. Warfield . Live Migration of Virtual Machines . In Proceedings of the Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI) , 2005 . C. Clark, K. Fraser, S. Hand, J. Hansen, E. Jul, C. Limpach, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield. Live Migration of Virtual Machines. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI)","author":"Cully B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"B. Cully , G. Lefebvre , D. Meyer , M. Feeley , N. Hutchinson , and A. Warfield . Remus: high availability via asynchronous virtual machine replication . In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI) , 2008 . B. Cully, G. Lefebvre, D. Meyer, M. Feeley, N. Hutchinson, and A. Warfield. Remus: high availability via asynchronous virtual machine replication. In Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO.2012.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Facebook Rack-level UPS for improved efficiency. Facebook Rack-level UPS for Improved Efficiency. http:\/\/www.datacenterknowledge.com\/archives\/2011\/04\/07\/.  Facebook Rack-level UPS for improved efficiency. Facebook Rack-level UPS for Improved Efficiency. http:\/\/www.datacenterknowledge.com\/archives\/2011\/04\/07\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1250662.1250665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1998582.1998589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1555349.1555368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Google Revenue in 2011. http:\/\/investor.google.com\/earnings\/2011\/index.html.  Google Revenue in 2011. http:\/\/investor.google.com\/earnings\/2011\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1519065.1519099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2000064.2000105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2039252.2039259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2150976.2150985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1555815.1555756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"JAMES GLANZ. Google Details and Defends Its Use of Electricity. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/09\/09\/technology\/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html?_r=2&.  JAMES GLANZ. Google Details and Defends Its Use of Electricity. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/09\/09\/technology\/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html?_r=2&."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2490483.2490498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1247360.1247361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2337159.2337216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Costand Energy-Aware Load Distribution Across Data Centers. In Workshop on Power-Aware Computing and Systems (Hot- Power)","author":"Le K.","year":"2009","unstructured":"K. Le , R. Bianchini , M. Martonosi , and T. Nguyen . Costand Energy-Aware Load Distribution Across Data Centers. In Workshop on Power-Aware Computing and Systems (Hot- Power) , 2009 . K. Le, R. Bianchini, M. Martonosi, and T. Nguyen. Costand Energy-Aware Load Distribution Across Data Centers. In Workshop on Power-Aware Computing and Systems (Hot- Power), 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAC.2007.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/L-CA.2009.46"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Batteries","author":"Linden D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"D. Linden and T. B. Reddy . Handbook of Batteries . McGraw Hill Handbooks , 2002 . D. Linden and T. B. Reddy. Handbook of Batteries. McGraw Hill Handbooks, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1250662.1250670"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1773394.1773405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2150976.2151009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508244.1508269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2000064.2000103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"MEMCACHED\n  : Memory-object Caching System. http:\/\/www.memcached.org.  MEMCACHED: Memory-object Caching System. http:\/\/www.memcached.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Michael A. Bell. http:\/\/www.it.northwestern.edu\/bin\/docs\/DesignBestPractices_127434.pdf.  Michael A. Bell. http:\/\/www.it.northwestern.edu\/bin\/docs\/DesignBestPractices_127434.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Microsoft Reveals its Specialty Servers Racks Apr. 2011. http:\/\/www.datacenterknowledge.com\/archives\/2011\/04\/25\/microsoft-reveals-its-specialty-servers-racks\/.  Microsoft Reveals its Specialty Servers Racks Apr. 2011. http:\/\/www.datacenterknowledge.com\/archives\/2011\/04\/25\/microsoft-reveals-its-specialty-servers-racks\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of USENIX","author":"Moore J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"J. Moore , J. Chase , P. Ranganathan , and R. Sharma . Making Scheduling Cool: Temperature-AwareWorkload Placement in Data Centers . In Proceedings of USENIX , 2005 . J. Moore, J. Chase, P. Ranganathan, and R. Sharma. Making Scheduling Cool: Temperature-AwareWorkload Placement in Data Centers. In Proceedings of USENIX, 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2150976.2151018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1294261.1294287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","unstructured":"National Survey of Datacenter Outages 2010. http:\/\/www.inquirere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/National-Survey-on-Data-Center-Outages.pdf.  National Survey of Datacenter Outages 2010. http:\/\/www.inquirere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/National-Survey-on-Data-Center-Outages.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/844128.844162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Load Balancing and Unbalancing for Power and Performance in Cluster-Based Systems. In Workshop on COLP","author":"Pinheiro E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"E. Pinheiro , R. Bianchini , E. Carrera , and T. Heath . Load Balancing and Unbalancing for Power and Performance in Cluster-Based Systems. In Workshop on COLP , 2001 . E. Pinheiro, R. Bianchini, E.Carrera, and T. Heath. Load Balancing and Unbalancing for Power and Performance in Cluster-Based Systems. In Workshop on COLP, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1346281.1346289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA.2006.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1950365.1950389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI)","author":"Singh R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. Singh , D. Irwin , P. Shenoy , and K. K. Ramakrishnan . Yank: Enabling green data centers to pull the plug . In Proceedings of 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI) , 2013 . R. Singh, D. Irwin, P. Shenoy, and K. K. Ramakrishnan. Yank: Enabling green data centers to pull the plug. In Proceedings of 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"CPU2006","author":"SPEC","year":"2006","unstructured":"SPEC CPU2006 . http:\/\/www.spec.org\/cpu 2006 \/. SPEC CPU2006. http:\/\/www.spec.org\/cpu2006\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"SPEC JBB2005: Java Business Benchmark. http:\/\/www.spec.org\/jbb2005\/.  SPEC JBB2005: Java Business Benchmark. http:\/\/www.spec.org\/jbb2005\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Energy Management for Hypervisor-Based Virtual Machines. In Usenix Technical Conference","author":"Stoess J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"J. Stoess , C. Lang , and F. Bellosa . Energy Management for Hypervisor-Based Virtual Machines. In Usenix Technical Conference , 2007 . J. Stoess, C. Lang, and F. Bellosa. Energy Management for Hypervisor-Based Virtual Machines. In Usenix Technical Conference, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"The Cost of Power Disturbances to U.S. Businesses 2001. http:\/\/www.onpower.com\/pdf\/EPRICostOfPowerProblems.pdf.  The Cost of Power Disturbances to U.S. Businesses 2001. http:\/\/www.onpower.com\/pdf\/EPRICostOfPowerProblems.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Tier classifications define site infrastructure performance","author":"Turner W. P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"W. P. Turner , J. H. Seader , V. Renaud , and K. G. Brill . Tier classifications define site infrastructure performance . Uptime Institute White Paper , 2008 . W. P. Turner, J. H. Seader, V. Renaud, and K. G. Brill. Tier classifications define site infrastructure performance. Uptime Institute White Paper, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of USENIX","author":"Verma A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"A. Verma , G. Dasgupta , T. Kumar , N. Pradipta , and R. Kothari . Server Workload Analysis for Power Minimization Using Consolidation . In Proceedings of USENIX , 2009 . A. Verma, G. Dasgupta, T. Kumar, N. Pradipta, and R. Kothari. Server Workload Analysis for Power Minimization Using Consolidation. In Proceedings of USENIX, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2254756.2254780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2485922.2485973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2008.4658631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/581630.581668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","unstructured":"Windows Hybrid Low-power Sleep 2009. http:\/\/windows.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows7\/sleep-and-hibernation-frequently-asked-questions.  Windows Hybrid Low-power Sleep 2009. http:\/\/windows.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows7\/sleep-and-hibernation-frequently-asked-questions."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX)","author":"Zeng H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"H. Zeng , C. S. Ellis , A. R. Lebeck , and A. Vahdat . Currentcy: A Unifying Abstraction for Expressing Energy Management Policies . In Proceedings of the Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX) , 2003 . H. Zeng, C. S. Ellis, A. R. Lebeck, and A. Vahdat. Currentcy: A Unifying Abstraction for Expressing Energy Management Policies. In Proceedings of the Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX), 2003."}],"event":{"name":"ASPLOS '14: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","location":"Salt Lake City Utah USA","acronym":"ASPLOS '14","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages","SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems","SIGARCH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture","SIGBED ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2541940.2541966","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2541940.2541966","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:10:27Z","timestamp":1750219827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2541940.2541966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2541940.2541966","10.1145\/2541940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2541940.2541966","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/2644865.2541966","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/2654822.2541966","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-02-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}