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Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Grammars are widely used to describe string languages such as programming and natural languages and, more recently, biosequences. Moreover, since the 1980s grammars have been used in computer vision and related areas. Some factors accountable for this increasing use regard its relatively simple understanding and its ability to represent some semantic pattern models found in images, both spatially and temporally. The objective of this article is to present an overview regarding the use of syntactic pattern recognition methods in image representations in several applications. To achieve this purpose, we used a systematic review process to investigate the main digital libraries in the area and to document the phases of the study in order to allow the auditing and further investigation. The results indicated that in some of the studies retrieved, manually created grammars were used to comply with a particular purpose. Other studies performed a learning process of the grammatical rules. In addition, this article also points out still unexplored research opportunities in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2543581.2543593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T13:39:57Z","timestamp":1389706797000},"page":"1-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Using grammars for pattern recognition in images"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ricardo Wandr\u00e9 Dias","family":"Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima L. 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P., and Monteiro, J. 2007a. Texture cue based tracking system using wavelet transform and a fuzzy grammar. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, vol. 1, 393--398. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/INDIN.2007.4384789."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE'07). 1832--1837","author":"Ferreira M. J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ferreira , M. J. , Santos , C. P. , and Monteiro , J . 2007b. Texture segmentation based on fuzzy grammar for cork parquet quality control . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE'07). 1832--1837 . DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ISIE. 2007 .4374884. 10.1109\/ISIE.2007.4374884 Ferreira, M. J., Santos, C. P., and Monteiro, J. 2007b. Texture segmentation based on fuzzy grammar for cork parquet quality control. 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DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-60454-5_25. 10.1007\/3-540-60454-5_25 Sakakibara, Y. 1995. Grammatical inference: An old and new paradigm. In Algorithmic Learning Theory, K. P. Jantke, T. Shinohara, and T. Zeugmann, Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 997. Springer, Berlin, 1--24. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-60454-5_25."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakakibara Y.\n     and \n      Muramatsu H\n  . \n  2000\n  . Learning context-free grammars from partially structured examples. In Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications A. L. Oliveira Ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  1891\n  . \n  Springer Berlin 229--240. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-45257-7_19.     10.1007\/978-3-540-45257-7_19\nSakakibara Y. and Muramatsu H. 2000. Learning context-free grammars from partially structured examples. 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Learning novel object parts model for object categorization. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST'10). 796--800. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ISTEL.2010.5734131."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'99)","author":"Stuckelberg M. V.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stuckelberg , M. V. and Doermann , D . 1999. On musical score recognition using probabilistic reasoning . In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'99) . 115--118. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDAR. 1999 .791738. 10.1109\/ICDAR.1999.791738 Stuckelberg, M. V. and Doermann, D. 1999. On musical score recognition using probabilistic reasoning. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'99). 115--118. 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In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'10). 398--405. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540187."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04595-0_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trzupek M. Ogiela M. R. and \n      Tadeusiewicz R\n  . \n  2011\n  . Intelligent image content description and analysis for 3D visualizations of coronary vessels. In Intelligent Information and Database Systems N. T. Nguyen C.-G. Kim and A. Janiak Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  6592\n  . \n  Springer Berlin 193--202. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-20042-7_20.     10.1007\/978-3-642-20042-7_20\nTrzupek M. Ogiela M. R. and Tadeusiewicz R. 2011. Intelligent image content description and analysis for 3D visualizations of coronary vessels. In Intelligent Information and Database Systems N. T. Nguyen C.-G. Kim and A. Janiak Eds. 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