{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:11:03Z","timestamp":1771467063094,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Inroads"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowhere is the problem of lack of human capital more keenly felt than in the field of cybersecurity where the numbers and quality of well-trained graduates are woefully lacking [10]. In 2005, the National Academy of Sciences indicted the US education system as the culprit contributing to deficiencies in our technical workforce, sounding the alarm that we are at risk of losing our competitive edge [14]. While the government has made cybersecurity education a national priority, seeking to stimulate university and community college production of information assurance (IA) expertise, they still have thousands of IA jobs going unfilled. The big question for the last decade [17] has been 'where will we find the talent we need?' In this article, we describe one university's approach to begin addressing this problem and discuss an innovative curricular model that holistically develops future cybersecurity professionals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2568195.2568214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T12:10:30Z","timestamp":1394539830000},"page":"57-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Application of pedagogical fundamentals for the holistic development of cybersecurity professionals"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Barbara E.","family":"Endicott-Popovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viatcheslav M.","family":"Popovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Theory of Pedagogical Systems. (Vorenege","author":"Bespalko V.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bespalko , V. Fundamentals of Theory of Pedagogical Systems. (Vorenege , RU : Voronege State University Press , 1977 ). Bespalko, V. Fundamentals of Theory of Pedagogical Systems. (Vorenege, RU: Voronege State University Press, 1977)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. (New York: David McKay Company","author":"Bloom B.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bloom , B. , Mesia , B. and Krathwohl , D . Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. (New York: David McKay Company , 1964 ). Bloom, B., Mesia, B. and Krathwohl, D. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. (New York: David McKay Company, 1964)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Placing in Context the Infosec Skills Gap: NASCIO's Chad Grant Analyzes Challenges","volume":"2013","author":"Chabrow E.","unstructured":"Chabrow , E. \" Placing in Context the Infosec Skills Gap: NASCIO's Chad Grant Analyzes Challenges .\" GovInfoSecurity.com, Princeton, NJ. http:\/\/www.govinfosecurity.com\/interviews\/placing-in-context-infosec-skills-gap-i-986. Accessed 2013 June 30 . Chabrow, E. \"Placing in Context the Infosec Skills Gap: NASCIO's Chad Grant Analyzes Challenges.\" GovInfoSecurity.com, Princeton, NJ. http:\/\/www.govinfosecurity.com\/interviews\/placing-in-context-infosec-skills-gap-i-986. Accessed 2013 June 30.","journal-title":"GovInfoSecurity.com, Princeton, NJ. http:\/\/www.govinfosecurity.com\/interviews\/placing-in-context-infosec-skills-gap-i-986. Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Chief Information Officer US Department of Defense. \"Information Assurance Scholarship Program: Are You Ready?\" US Department of Defense Washington D.C. http:\/\/dodcio.defense.gov\/Home\/Initiatives\/InformationAssuranceScholarshipProgram(IASP).aspx. Accessed 2013 June 30.  Chief Information Officer US Department of Defense. \"Information Assurance Scholarship Program: Are You Ready?\" US Department of Defense Washington D.C. http:\/\/dodcio.defense.gov\/Home\/Initiatives\/InformationAssuranceScholarshipProgram(IASP).aspx. Accessed 2013 June 30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Designing a Computer Forensics Course for an Information Assurance Track.\" in Proceedings of the Eighth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. (West Point","author":"Endicott-Popovsky B.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Endicott-Popovsky , B. , Frincke , D. , Popovsky , V. \" Designing a Computer Forensics Course for an Information Assurance Track.\" in Proceedings of the Eighth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. (West Point , NY: Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education , 2004 ): 59 -- 64 . Endicott-Popovsky, B., Frincke, D., Popovsky, V. \"Designing a Computer Forensics Course for an Information Assurance Track.\" in Proceedings of the Eighth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. (West Point, NY: Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education, 2004): 59--64.","journal-title":"NY: Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The Capstone Class in an IA Track.\" in Proceedings of the Ninth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. (Atlanta","author":"Endicott-Popovsky B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Endicott-Popovsky , B. , Frincke , D. , Popovsky , V. \" Secure Code : The Capstone Class in an IA Track.\" in Proceedings of the Ninth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. (Atlanta , GA : Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education, 2005 ). The Printing House , Inc., Stoughton, WI.: 100--108. Endicott-Popovsky, B., Frincke, D., Popovsky, V. \"Secure Code: The Capstone Class in an IA Track.\" in Proceedings of the Ninth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. (Atlanta, GA: Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education, 2005). The Printing House, Inc., Stoughton, WI.: 100--108."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Man and Cybernetics Information Assurance and Security Workshop. (West Point, NY: 2005)","author":"Endicott-Popovsky B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Endicott-Popovsky , B. , Seifert , C. Frincke , D. \" Adopting Extreme Programming on a Graduate Student Project.\" in Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Systems , Man and Cybernetics Information Assurance and Security Workshop. (West Point, NY: 2005) IEEE Publishing, Los Alamitos, CA. \u00a9 2005 : 454--455. Endicott-Popovsky, B., Seifert, C. Frincke, D. \"Adopting Extreme Programming on a Graduate Student Project.\" in Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Information Assurance and Security Workshop. (West Point, NY: 2005) IEEE Publishing, Los Alamitos, CA. \u00a92005: 454--455."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick A. \"For Job Security Try Cybersecurity Experts Say.\" Mashable.com Mashable Inc. New York. http:\/\/mashable.com\/2012\/05\/29\/cybersecurity-career\/. Accessed 2013 June 30.  Fitzpatrick A. \"For Job Security Try Cybersecurity Experts Say.\" Mashable.com Mashable Inc. New York. http:\/\/mashable.com\/2012\/05\/29\/cybersecurity-career\/. Accessed 2013 June 30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Gates W. \"Trustworthy Computing.\" January 15 2002 Memo. Microsoft Corporation Seattle WA.  Gates W. \"Trustworthy Computing.\" January 15 2002 Memo . Microsoft Corporation Seattle WA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Feds Need 10,000 Cyber Security Experts.\" Internet News.com","author":"Goldman A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldman , A. ( 2009 ). \" Feds Need 10,000 Cyber Security Experts.\" Internet News.com , Quin-Street Enterprise, Louisville, KY . http:\/\/www.internetnews.com\/security\/article.php\/3823806. Accessed 2013 June 30. Goldman, A. (2009). \"Feds Need 10,000 Cyber Security Experts.\" Internet News.com, Quin-Street Enterprise, Louisville, KY. http:\/\/www.internetnews.com\/security\/article.php\/3823806. Accessed 2013 June 30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"in Proceedings of the Fifteenth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. 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Fundamentals of Pedagogy of Higher Education. (Leningrad, RU: Lenizdat, 1972)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Establishing a System of Professional--Practical Activity","volume":"11","author":"Michailova A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Michailova , A. \" Establishing a System of Professional--Practical Activity .\" Messenger of Higher Education, Moscow, RU , 11 , ( 1985 ): 31 -- 33 . Michailova, A. \"Establishing a System of Professional--Practical Activity.\" Messenger of Higher Education, Moscow, RU, 11, (1985): 31--33.","journal-title":"Messenger of Higher Education, Moscow, RU"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. (Washington","author":"National Academies of Science.","year":"2005","unstructured":"National Academies of Science. Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. 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Accessed 2014 January 6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Pecinovsky E. \"A Human Capital Crisis in Cybersecurity.\" ClearanceJobs.com. Dice Inc. Urbandale IA; http:\/\/www.clearancejobs.com\/cleared-news\/152\/a-human-capital-crisis-in-cybersecurity. Accessed 2013 June 30.  Pecinovsky E. \"A Human Capital Crisis in Cybersecurity.\" ClearanceJobs.com . Dice Inc. Urbandale IA; http:\/\/www.clearancejobs.com\/cleared-news\/152\/a-human-capital-crisis-in-cybersecurity. Accessed 2013 June 30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"RU","author":"Popovsky V.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Popovsky , V. and Endicott-Popovsky , B. \" Integrating Academics , the Community and Industry.\" in Proceedings of the Physical Culture and Sports: Analysis of Social Processes '08. (St. Petersburg , RU : 2008 ), Lesgaft National State University Press , St . Petersburg, RU: 239--243. Popovsky, V. and Endicott-Popovsky, B. \"Integrating Academics, the Community and Industry.\" in Proceedings of the Physical Culture and Sports: Analysis of Social Processes '08. (St. Petersburg, RU: 2008), Lesgaft National State University Press, St. Petersburg, RU: 239--243."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"RU","author":"Popovsky V.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Popovsky , V. \" Coaching Volleyball with Unleashing Personal Potential in Mind.\" in Proceedings of the Int'l Conference Honoring 70th Anniversary Sports Games Dept. Lesgaft State Academy of Physical Education '04, (St. Petersburg , RU 2004 ), Lesgaft National State University Press , St . Petersburg, RU: 136--140. Popovsky, V. \"Coaching Volleyball with Unleashing Personal Potential in Mind.\" in Proceedings of the Int'l Conference Honoring 70th Anniversary Sports Games Dept. 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Simpson, J. and Endicott-Popovsky, B. \"A Systematic Approach to Information Systems Security Education.\" in Proceedings of the Fourteenth Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education, (Baltimore, MD: Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education, 2010). The Printing House Inc., Stoughton, WI: 173--179."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jsse.2010100103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Activity approach to the development of the model specialist. Messenger of Higher Education, Moscow","volume":"11","author":"Talizina N","year":"1986","unstructured":"Talizina , N . Activity approach to the development of the model specialist. Messenger of Higher Education, Moscow , RU , 11 , ( 1986 ): 10 -- 13 . Talizina, N. Activity approach to the development of the model specialist. Messenger of Higher Education, Moscow, RU, 11, (1986): 10--13.","journal-title":"RU"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"RU. Higher Education","author":"Talizina N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Talizina , N. Management of the Learning Process. (Moscow , RU. Higher Education , 1975 ). Talizina, N. Management of the Learning Process. (Moscow, RU. Higher Education, 1975)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"US Office of Personnel Management. \"Cybercorps: Scholarship for Service.\" https:\/\/www.sfs.opm.gov\/. Accessed 2013 June 30.  US Office of Personnel Management. \"Cybercorps: Scholarship for Service.\" https:\/\/www.sfs.opm.gov\/. Accessed 2013 June 30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Understanding by Design","author":"Wiggins G.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wiggins , G. and McTighe , J. Understanding by Design , 2 nd ed. (Alexandria, VA : Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development , 2005 ). Wiggins, G. and McTighe, J. Understanding by Design, 2nd ed. (Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2005).","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["ACM Inroads"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2568195.2568214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2568195.2568214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:10:29Z","timestamp":1750234229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2568195.2568214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2568195.2568214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2568195.2568214","relation":{},"ISSN":["2153-2184","2153-2192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2153-2184","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-2192","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}