{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:33:36Z","timestamp":1774125216146,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#203099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#203099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Software-product-line engineering has gained considerable momentum in recent years, both in industry and in academia. A software product line is a family of software products that share a common set of features. Software product lines challenge traditional analysis techniques, such as type checking, model checking, and theorem proving, in their quest of ensuring correctness and reliability of software. Simply creating and analyzing all products of a product line is usually not feasible, due to the potentially exponential number of valid feature combinations. Recently, researchers began to develop analysis techniques that take the distinguishing properties of software product lines into account, for example, by checking feature-related code in isolation or by exploiting variability information during analysis. The emerging field of product-line analyses is both broad and diverse, so it is difficult for researchers and practitioners to understand their similarities and differences. We propose a classification of product-line analyses to enable systematic research and application. Based on our insights with classifying and comparing a corpus of 123 research articles, we develop a research agenda to guide future research on product-line analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2580950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T14:23:02Z","timestamp":1404224582000},"page":"1-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":378,"title":["A Classification and Survey of Analysis Strategies for Software Product Lines"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Th\u00fcm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Apel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Passau, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"K\u00e4stner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Saake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Magdeburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556624.2556645"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Reuse (ICSR\u201911)","author":"Alf\u00e9rez M.","unstructured":"M. Alf\u00e9rez , R. E. Lopez-Herrejon , A. Moreira , V. Amaral , and A. Egyed . 2011. Supporting consistency checking between features and software product line use scenarios . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Reuse (ICSR\u201911) . Springer, Berlin, 20--35. M. Alf\u00e9rez, R. E. Lopez-Herrejon, A. Moreira, V. Amaral, and A. Egyed. 2011. Supporting consistency checking between features and software product line use scenarios. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Reuse (ICSR\u201911). Springer, Berlin, 20--35."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Apel D. Batory C. K\u00e4stner and G. Saake. 2013a. Feature-Oriented Software Product Lines: Concepts and Implementation. Springer Berlin.   S. Apel D. Batory C. K\u00e4stner and G. Saake. 2013a. Feature-Oriented Software Product Lines: Concepts and Implementation. Springer Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37521-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1745312.1745316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-010-0066-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449913.1449931"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.70770"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2010.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1868688.1868698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2011.6100075"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2013.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201913)","author":"Apel S.","unstructured":"S. Apel , A. von Rhein , P. Wendler , A. Gr\u00f6\u00dflinger , and D. Beyer . 2013c. Strategies for product-line verification: Case studies and experiments . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201913) . IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 482--491. S. Apel, A. von Rhein, P. Wendler, A. Gr\u00f6\u00dflinger, and D. Beyer. 2013c. Strategies for product-line verification: Case studies and experiments. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201913). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 482--491."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34026-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2003.1231149"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Workshop Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM\u201902)","author":"Aversano L.","unstructured":"L. Aversano , M. D. Penta , and I. D. Baxter . 2002. Handling preprocessor-conditioned declarations . In Proc. Int\u2019l Workshop Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM\u201902) . IEEE, Washington, DC, 83--92. L. Aversano, M. D. Penta, and I. D. Baxter. 2002. Handling preprocessor-conditioned declarations. In Proc. Int\u2019l Workshop Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM\u201902). IEEE, Washington, DC, 83--92."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11554844_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"2059","article-title":"Modularizing theorems for software product lines: The jbook case study","volume":"14","author":"Batory D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"D. Batory and E. B\u00f6rger . 2008 . Modularizing theorems for software product lines: The jbook case study . Journal of Universal Computer Science 14 , 12, 2059 -- 2082 . D. Batory and E. B\u00f6rger. 2008. Modularizing theorems for software product lines: The jbook case study. Journal of Universal Computer Science 14, 12, 2059--2082.","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Bertot and P. Cast\u00e9ran. 2004. Interactive Theorem Proving and Program Development - Coq\u2019Art: The Calculus of Inductive Constructions. Springer Berlin.   Y. Bertot and P. Cast\u00e9ran. 2004. Interactive Theorem Proving and Program Development - Coq\u2019Art: The Calculus of Inductive Constructions. Springer Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-07964-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Foundations of Health Information Engineering and Systems (FHIES\u201914)","author":"Bessling S.","unstructured":"S. Bessling and M. Huhn . 2014. Towards formal safety analysis in feature-oriented product line development . In Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Foundations of Health Information Engineering and Systems (FHIES\u201914) . Springer, Berlin, 217--235. S. Bessling and M. Huhn. 2014. Towards formal safety analysis in feature-oriented product line development. In Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Foundations of Health Information Engineering and Systems (FHIES\u201914). Springer, Berlin, 217--235."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00236-012-0173-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Bettini F. Damiani and I. Schaefer. 2014. Implementing type-safe software product lines using parametric traits. Science of Computer Programming To appear.  L. Bettini F. Damiani and I. Schaefer. 2014. Implementing type-safe software product lines using parametric traits. Science of Computer Programming To appear.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2013.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-007-0044-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Aided Verification (CAV\u201911)","author":"Beyer D.","unstructured":"D. Beyer and M. E. Keremoglu . 2011. CPAchecker: A tool for configurable software verification . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Aided Verification (CAV\u201911) . Springer, Berlin, 184--190. D. Beyer and M. E. Keremoglu. 2011. CPAchecker: A tool for configurable software verification. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Aided Verification (CAV\u201911). Springer, Berlin, 184--190."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1025115.1025224"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491956.2491976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering for Telecommunication Switching Systems (SETSS\u201989)","author":"Bowen T. F.","year":"1989","unstructured":"T. F. Bowen , F. S. Dworack , C.-H. Chow , N. Griffeth , G. E. Herman , and Y.-J. Lin . 1989 . The feature interaction problem in telecommunications systems . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering for Telecommunication Switching Systems (SETSS\u201989) . IEEE, Washington, DC, 59--62. T. F. Bowen, F. S. Dworack, C.-H. Chow, N. Griffeth, G. E. Herman, and Y.-J. Lin. 1989. The feature interaction problem in telecommunications systems. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering for Telecommunication Switching Systems (SETSS\u201989). IEEE, Washington, DC, 59--62."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2554488.2554491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software (FoVeOOS\u201911)","author":"Bruns D.","unstructured":"D. Bruns , V. Klebanov , and I. Schaefer . 2011. Verification of software product lines with delta-oriented slicing . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software (FoVeOOS\u201911) . Springer, Berlin, 61--75. D. Bruns, V. Klebanov, and I. Schaefer. 2011. Verification of software product lines with delta-oriented slicing. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software (FoVeOOS\u201911). Springer, Berlin, 61--75."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2377816.2377822"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(02)00352-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","article-title":"On strategies for testing software product lines: A systematic literature review","author":"Carmo Machado I. D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"I. D. Carmo Machado , J. D. McGregor , Y. A. C. Cavalcanti , and E. S. De Almeida . 2014 . On strategies for testing software product lines: A systematic literature review . Journal of Information and Software Technology To appear. I. D. Carmo Machado, J. D. McGregor, Y. A. C. Cavalcanti, and E. S. De Almeida. 2014. On strategies for testing software product lines: A systematic literature review. Journal of Information and Software Technology To appear.","journal-title":"Journal of Information and Software Technology To appear."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2518190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Aided Verification (CAV\u201999)","author":"Cimatti A.","unstructured":"A. Cimatti , E. M. Clarke , F. Giunchiglia , and M. Roveri . 1999. NuSMV: A new symbolic model verifier . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Aided Verification (CAV\u201999) . Springer, London, 495--499. A. Cimatti, E. M. Clarke, F. Giunchiglia, and M. Roveri. 1999. NuSMV: A new symbolic model verifier. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Computer Aided Verification (CAV\u201999). Springer, London, 495--499."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"E. M. Clarke O. Grumberg and D. A. Peled. 1999. Model Checking. MIT Press Cambridge MA.   E. M. Clarke O. Grumberg and D. A. Peled. 1999. Model Checking. MIT Press Cambridge MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2748144.2748397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2012.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1806799.1806850"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"P. Clements and L. Northrop. 2001. Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. Addison-Wesley Boston MA.   P. Clements and L. Northrop. 2001. Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. Addison-Wesley Boston MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36249-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201912)","author":"Cordy M.","unstructured":"M. Cordy , A. Classen , G. Perrouin , P.-Y. Schobbens , P. Heymans , and A. Legay . 2012a. Simulation-based abstractions for software product-line model checking . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201912) . IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, U672--682. M. Cordy, A. Classen, G. Perrouin, P.-Y. Schobbens, P. Heymans, and A. Legay. 2012a. Simulation-based abstractions for software product-line model checking. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201912). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, U672--682."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2110147.2110168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2362536.2362549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2364412.2364425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201913)","author":"Cordy M.","unstructured":"M. Cordy , P.-Y. Schobbens , P. Heymans , and A. Legay . 2013b. Beyond boolean product-line model checking: Dealing with feature attributes and multi-features . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201913) . IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 472--481. M. Cordy, P.-Y. Schobbens, P. Heymans, and A. Legay. 2013b. Beyond boolean product-line model checking: Dealing with feature attributes and multi-features. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE\u201913). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 472--481."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/512950.512973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications","author":"Czarnecki K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"K. Czarnecki and U. Eisenecker . 2000 . Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications . ACM\/Addison-Wesley, New York , NY. K. Czarnecki and U. Eisenecker. 2000. Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications. ACM\/Addison-Wesley, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1173706.1173738"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2364412.2364422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34026-0_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Checking C Programs with Lint. O\u2019Reilly & Associates","author":"Darwin I. F.","unstructured":"I. F. Darwin . 1986. Checking C Programs with Lint. O\u2019Reilly & Associates , Inc., Sebastopol, CA. I. F. Darwin. 1986. Checking C Programs with Lint. O\u2019Reilly & Associates, Inc., Sebastopol, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1595696.1595733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2048066.2048113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2429069.2429094"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1066100.1066102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03192552"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPLC.2008.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1147249.1147254"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503209.503231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69149-5_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2254064.2254103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-013-0169-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68863-1_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34026-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68237-0_27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629716.1629730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.588521"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1052883.1052895"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1218563.1218584"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2008.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. Lero-TR-SPL-2008-02, Lero","author":"Janota M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Janota , J. Kiniry , and G. Botterweck . 2008 . Formal methods in software product lines: Concepts , survey, and guidelines. Tech. Rep. Lero-TR-SPL-2008-02, Lero , University of Limerick. May . M. Janota, J. Kiniry, and G. Botterweck. 2008. Formal methods in software product lines: Concepts, survey, and guidelines. Tech. Rep. Lero-TR-SPL-2008-02, Lero, University of Limerick. May."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS\u201907)","author":"Jayaraman P.","unstructured":"P. Jayaraman , J. Whittle , A. M. Elkhodary , and H. Gomaa . 2007. Model composition in product lines and feature interaction detection using critical pair analysis . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS\u201907) . Springer, Berlin, 151--165. P. Jayaraman, J. Whittle, A. M. Elkhodary, and H. Gomaa. 2007. Model composition in product lines and feature interaction detection using critical pair analysis. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS\u201907). Springer, Berlin, 151--165."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25271-6_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. CMU\/SEI-90-TR-21","author":"Kang K. C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"K. C. Kang , S. G. Cohen , J. A. Hess , W. E. Novak , and A. S. Peterson . 1990 . Feature-oriented domain analysis (FODA) feasibility study. Tech. Rep. CMU\/SEI-90-TR-21 , Software Engineering Institute . K. C. Kang, S. G. Cohen, J. A. Hess, W. E. Novak, and A. S. Peterson. 1990. Feature-oriented domain analysis (FODA) feasibility study. Tech. Rep. CMU\/SEI-90-TR-21, Software Engineering Institute."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2211616.2211617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909)","author":"K\u00e4stner C.","unstructured":"C. K\u00e4stner , S. Apel , S. S. ur Rahman , M. Rosenm\u00fcller , D. Batory , and G. Saake . 2009. On the impact of the optional feature problem: Analysis and case studies . In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909) . Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 181--190. C. K\u00e4stner, S. Apel, S. S. ur Rahman, M. Rosenm\u00fcller, D. Batory, and G. Saake. 2009. On the impact of the optional feature problem: Analysis and case studies. In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909). Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 181--190."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2048066.2048128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2384616.2384673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2377816.2377817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2168342.2168346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1868688.1868693"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Proc. Europ. Conf. Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP\u201997)","author":"Kiczales G.","unstructured":"G. Kiczales , J. Lamping , A. Mendhekar , C. Maeda , C. Lopes , J.-M. Loingtier , and J. Irwin . 1997. Aspect-oriented programming . In Proc. Europ. Conf. Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP\u201997) . Springer, Berlin, 220--242. G. Kiczales, J. Lamping, A. Mendhekar, C. Maeda, C. Lopes, J.-M. Loingtier, and J. Irwin. 1997. Aspect-oriented programming. In Proc. Europ. Conf. Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP\u201997). Springer, Berlin, 220--242."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1960275.1960284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Runtime Verification (RV\u201910)","author":"Kim C. H. P.","unstructured":"C. H. P. Kim , E. Bodden , D. Batory , and S. Khurshid . 2010. Reducing configurations to monitor in a software product line . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Runtime Verification (RV\u201910) . Springer, Berlin, 285--299. C. H. P. Kim, E. Bodden, D. Batory, and S. Khurshid. 2010. Reducing configurations to monitor in a software product line. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Runtime Verification (RV\u201910). Springer, Berlin, 285--299."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449913.1449919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE\u201912)","author":"Kim C. H. P.","unstructured":"C. H. P. Kim , S. Khurshid , and D. Batory . 2012. Shared execution for efficiently testing product lines . In Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE\u201912) . IEEE, Washington, DC, 221--230. C. H. P. Kim, S. Khurshid, and D. Batory. 2012. Shared execution for efficiently testing product lines. In Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE\u201912). IEEE, Washington, DC, 221--230."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491411.2491459"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1183236.1183270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering (GCSE\u201901)","author":"Klaeren H.","unstructured":"H. Klaeren , E. Pulvermueller , A. Rashid , and A. Speck . 2001. Aspect composition applying the design by contract principle . In Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering (GCSE\u201901) . Springer, Berlin, 57--69. H. Klaeren, E. Pulvermueller, A. Rashid, and A. Speck. 2001. Aspect composition applying the design by contract principle. In Proc. Int\u2019l Symposium Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering (GCSE\u201901). Springer, Berlin, 57--69."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869459.1869499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517208.2517213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1621607.1621634"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1868688.1868694"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","unstructured":"D. R. Kuhn R. N. Kacker and Y. Lei. 2013. Introduction to Combinatorial Testing 1st ed. Chapman & Hall\/CRC London UK.   D. R. Kuhn R. N. Kacker and Y. Lei. 2013. Introduction to Combinatorial Testing 1st ed. Chapman & Hall\/CRC London UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Lauenroth A. Metzger and K. Pohl. 2010. Quality assurance in the presence of variability. In Intentional Perspectives on Information Systems Engineering. Springer Berlin 319--333.  K. Lauenroth A. Metzger and K. Pohl. 2010. Quality assurance in the presence of variability. In Intentional Perspectives on Information Systems Engineering. Springer Berlin 319--333.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12544-7_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Reuse (ICSR\u201913)","author":"Le D. M.","unstructured":"D. M. Le , H. Lee , K. C. Kang , and L. Keun . 2013. Validating consistency between a feature model and its implementation . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Reuse (ICSR\u201913) . Springer, Berlin, 1--16. D. M. Le, H. Lee, K. C. Kang, and L. Keun. 2013. Validating consistency between a feature model and its implementation. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Reuse (ICSR\u201913). Springer, Berlin, 1--16."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2362536.2362545"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/587051.587066"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-005-2643-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1806799.1806819"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491411.2491437"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-010-0075-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1134285.1134303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517208.2517221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909)","author":"Mendon\u00e7a M.","unstructured":"M. Mendon\u00e7a , A. Wasowski , and K. Czarnecki . 2009. SAT-based analysis of feature models is easy . In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909) . Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 231--240. M. Mendon\u00e7a, A. Wasowski, and K. Czarnecki. 2009. SAT-based analysis of feature models is easy. In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909). Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 231--240."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Feature Interactions in Software and Communication Systems (ICFI\u201907)","author":"Metzger A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Metzger . 2007 . Quality issues in software product lines: Feature interactions and beyond . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Feature Interactions in Software and Communication Systems (ICFI\u201907) . IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1--12. A. Metzger. 2007. Quality issues in software product lines: Feature interactions and beyond. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Feature Interactions in Software and Communication Systems (ICFI\u201907). IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1--12."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Requirements Engineering (RE\u201907)","author":"Metzger A.","unstructured":"A. Metzger , K. Pohl , P. Heymans , P.-Y. Schobbens , and G. Saval . 2007. Disambiguating the documentation of variability in software product lines: A separation of concerns, formalization and automated analysis . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Requirements Engineering (RE\u201907) . IEEE, Washington, DC, 243--253. A. Metzger, K. Pohl, P. Heymans, P.-Y. Schobbens, and G. Saval. 2007. Disambiguating the documentation of variability in software product lines: A separation of concerns, formalization and automated analysis. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Requirements Engineering (RE\u201907). IEEE, Washington, DC, 243--253."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2577080.2577091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909)","author":"Montagud S.","unstructured":"S. Montagud and S. Abrah\u00e3o . 2009. Gathering current knowledge about quality evaluation in software product lines . In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909) . Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 91--100. S. Montagud and S. Abrah\u00e3o. 2009. Gathering current knowledge about quality evaluation in software product lines. In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201909). Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 91--100."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","volume-title":"Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann","author":"Muchnick S. S.","unstructured":"S. S. Muchnick . 1997. Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann , San Francisco, CA . S. S. Muchnick. 1997. Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646931.710434"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568300"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1883612.1883618"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","unstructured":"F. Nielson H. R. Nielson and C. Hankin. 2010. Principles of Program Analysis. Springer Secaucus NJ.   F. Nielson H. R. Nielson and C. Hankin. 2010. Principles of Program Analysis. Springer Secaucus NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Nipkow M. Wenzel and L. C. Paulson. 2002. Isabelle\/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic. Springer Berlin.   T. Nipkow M. Wenzel and L. C. Paulson. 2002. Isabelle\/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic. Springer Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45949-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201910)","author":"Oster S.","unstructured":"S. Oster , F. Markert , and P. Ritter . 2010. Automated incremental pairwise testing of software product lines . In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201910) . Springer, Berlin, 196--210. S. Oster, F. Markert, and P. Ritter. 2010. Automated incremental pairwise testing of software product lines. In Proc. Int\u2019l Software Product Line Conf. (SPLC\u201910). Springer, Berlin, 196--210."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","unstructured":"S. Oster A. W\u00fcbbeke G. Engels and A. Sch\u00fcrr. 2011. A survey of model-based software product lines testing. In Model-based Testing for Embedded System. CRC Press Boca Raton FL 339--381.  S. Oster A. W\u00fcbbeke G. Engels and A. Sch\u00fcrr. 2011. A survey of model-based software product lines testing. In Model-based Testing for Embedded System. CRC Press Boca Raton FL 339--381."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Automated Deduction (CADE\u201992)","author":"Owre S.","unstructured":"S. Owre , J. M. Rushby , and N. Shankar . 1992. PVS: A prototype verification system . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Automated Deduction (CADE\u201992) . Springer, London, 748--752. S. Owre, J. M. Rushby, and N. Shankar. 1992. PVS: A prototype verification system. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Automated Deduction (CADE\u201992). Springer, London, 748--752."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2010.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","volume-title":"Types and Programming Languages","author":"Pierce B. C.","unstructured":"B. C. Pierce . 2002. Types and Programming Languages . MIT Press, Cambridge , MA. B. C. Pierce. 2002. Types and Programming Languages. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6423(00)00018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","volume-title":"Software Product Line Engineering: Foundations, Principles and Techniques","author":"Pohl K.","unstructured":"K. Pohl , G. B\u00f6ckle , and F. J. van der Linden . 2005. Software Product Line Engineering: Foundations, Principles and Techniques . Springer , Berlin . K. Pohl, G. B\u00f6ckle, and F. J. van der Linden. 2005. Software Product Line Engineering: Foundations, Principles and Techniques. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2008.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0053389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1869542.1869545"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2011.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29320-7_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_135_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Fundamentals of Software Engineering (FSEN\u201913)","author":"Sabouri H.","unstructured":"H. Sabouri and R. Khosravi . 2013a. Delta modeling and model checking of product families . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Fundamentals of Software Engineering (FSEN\u201913) . Springer, Berlin, 51--65. H. Sabouri and R. Khosravi. 2013a. Delta modeling and model checking of product families. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Fundamentals of Software Engineering (FSEN\u201913). Springer, Berlin, 51--65."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_136_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Modeling and verification of reconfigurable actor families","volume":"19","author":"Sabouri H.","year":"2013","unstructured":"H. Sabouri and R. Khosravi . 2013 b. Modeling and verification of reconfigurable actor families . Journal of Universal Computer Science 19 , 2, 207 -- 232 . H. Sabouri and R. Khosravi. 2013b. Modeling and verification of reconfigurable actor families. Journal of Universal Computer Science 19, 2, 207--232.","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25271-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2019136.2019144"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_140_1","volume-title":"Automated Theorem Proving in Software Engineering","author":"Schumann J.","unstructured":"J. Schumann . 2001. Automated Theorem Proving in Software Engineering . Springer , Berlin . J. Schumann. 2001. Automated Theorem Proving in Software Engineering. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28872-2_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.v35:8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2094091.2094095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1966445.1966451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SBES.2011.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2499777.2500722"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/979743.979766"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1289971.1289989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2009.5070526"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPLC.2011.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2371401.2371404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2004685.2005509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28872-2_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/508386.508405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_155_1","volume-title":"Action: The Best Industrial Practice in Product Line Engineering","author":"van der Linden F. J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"F. J. van der Linden , K. Schmid , and E. Rommes . 2007 . Software Product Lines in Action: The Best Industrial Practice in Product Line Engineering . Springer , Berlin . F. J. van der Linden, K. Schmid, and E. Rommes. 2007. Software Product Lines in Action: The Best Industrial Practice in Product Line Engineering. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_156_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201900)","author":"Visser W.","unstructured":"W. Visser , K. Havelund , G. P. Brat , and S. Park . 2000. Model checking programs . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201900) . Springer, Berlin, 3--12. W. Visser, K. Havelund, G. P. Brat, and S. Park. 2000. Model checking programs. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201900). Springer, Berlin, 3--12."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2430502.2430522"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02959-2_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_159_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE). IEEE","author":"Weiser M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"M. Weiser . 1981 . Program slicing . In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE). IEEE , Piscataway, NJ, USA, 439--449. M. Weiser. 1981. Program slicing. In Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Software Engineering (ICSE). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 439--449."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPLC.2008.56"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2580950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2580950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:10:19Z","timestamp":1750234219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2580950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2580950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2580950","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}