{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:27:10Z","timestamp":1783592830555,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":27,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]],"date-time":"2013-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PBBSP1 144196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PBBSP1 144196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2583008.2583017","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T12:10:42Z","timestamp":1405080642000},"page":"66-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Do points, levels and leaderboards harm intrinsic motivation?"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Elisa D.","family":"Mekler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Br\u00fchlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Opwis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre N.","family":"Tuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Switzerland and University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"rep","author":"Essential","year":"2013","unstructured":"Essential facts about the computer and video game industry. Tech. rep ., Entertainment Software Association , 2013 . Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/www:theesa:com\/facts\/pdfs\/ESA_EF_2013:pdf. Essential facts about the computer and video game industry. Tech. rep., Entertainment Software Association, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/www:theesa:com\/facts\/pdfs\/ESA_EF_2013:pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of personality 62, 1","author":"Deci E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Deci , E. , Eghrari , H. , Patrick , B. , and Leone , D . Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of personality 62, 1 ( 1994 ), 119--142. Deci, E., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B., and Leone, D. Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of personality 62, 1 (1994), 119--142."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological bulletin 125, 6","author":"Deci E.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deci , E. , Koestner , R. , and Ryan , R . A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological bulletin 125, 6 ( 1999 ), 627--668. Deci, E., Koestner, R., and Ryan, R. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological bulletin 125, 6 (1999), 627--668."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1979742.1979575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Coding conduct: Games, play, and human conduct between technical artifacts and social framing","author":"Deterding S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deterding , S. Coding conduct: Games, play, and human conduct between technical artifacts and social framing , 2012 . Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/www:slideshare:net\/dings\/coding-conduct-games-play-and-human-conduct-between-technical-code-and-social-framing. Deterding, S. Coding conduct: Games, play, and human conduct between technical artifacts and social framing, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/www:slideshare:net\/dings\/coding-conduct-games-play-and-human-conduct-between-technical-code-and-social-framing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Transforming homo economicus into homo ludens: A field experiment on gamification in a utilitarian peer-to-peer trading service. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications","author":"Hamari J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamari , J. Transforming homo economicus into homo ludens: A field experiment on gamification in a utilitarian peer-to-peer trading service. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications ( 2013 ). http:\/\/dx:doi:org\/10:1016\/j.elerap:2013:01:004. 10:1016\/j.elerap:2013:01:004 Hamari, J. Transforming homo economicus into homo ludens: A field experiment on gamification in a utilitarian peer-to-peer trading service. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications (2013). http:\/\/dx:doi:org\/10:1016\/j.elerap:2013:01:004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Achievements considered harmful","author":"Hecker C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hecker , C. Achievements considered harmful , 2010 . Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/chrishecker:com\/Achievements_Considered_Harmful. Hecker, C. Achievements considered harmful, 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/chrishecker:com\/Achievements_Considered_Harmful."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1090.1129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.82.6.387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2531456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1873951.1873965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800049.801756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0304_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"ABC-CLIO","author":"Rigby S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rigby , S. , and Ryan , R . Glued to games: How video games draw us in and hold us spellbound . ABC-CLIO , 2011 . Rigby, S., and Ryan, R. Glued to games: How video games draw us in and hold us spellbound. ABC-CLIO, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Can't play, won't play","author":"Robertson M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robertson , M. Can't play, won't play , 2010 . Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/hideandseek:net\/2010\/10\/06\/cant-play-wont-play\/. Robertson, M. Can't play, won't play, 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2013 from http:\/\/hideandseek:net\/2010\/10\/06\/cant-play-wont-play\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology 25, 1","author":"Ryan R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ryan , R. , and Deci , E . Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology 25, 1 ( 2000 ), 54--67. Ryan, R., and Deci, E. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology 25, 1 (2000), 54--67."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.45.4.736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1378704.1378719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Workshop on Crowdsourcing for Information Retrieval","author":"Wang J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang , J. , and Yu , B . Labeling images with queries: A recall-based image retrieval game approach . In Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Workshop on Crowdsourcing for Information Retrieval ( 2011 ). Wang, J., and Yu, B. Labeling images with queries: A recall-based image retrieval game approach. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Workshop on Crowdsourcing for Information Retrieval (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of International DiGRA Conference: Changing Views -- Worlds in Play.","author":"Zagal J. P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zagal , J. P. , Mateas , M. , Fern\u00e1ndez-Vara , C. , Hochhalter , B. , and Lichti , N . Towards an ontological language for game analysis . In Proceedings of International DiGRA Conference: Changing Views -- Worlds in Play. ( 2005 ), 3--14. Zagal, J. P., Mateas, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Vara, C., Hochhalter, B., and Lichti, N. Towards an ontological language for game analysis. In Proceedings of International DiGRA Conference: Changing Views -- Worlds in Play. (2005), 3--14."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Gamification by design: Implementing game mechanics in web and mobile apps","author":"Zichermann G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zichermann , G. , and Cunningham , C . Gamification by design: Implementing game mechanics in web and mobile apps . O'Reilly Media , 2011 . Zichermann, G., and Cunningham, C. Gamification by design: Implementing game mechanics in web and mobile apps. O'Reilly Media, 2011."}],"event":{"name":"Gamification '13: Gameful Design, Research, and Applications","location":"Toronto Ontario Canada","acronym":"Gamification '13","sponsor":["UWATERLOO University of Waterloo","IMMERSe IMMERSe Network","Waterloo Stratford Campus University of Waterloo Stratford Campus","University of Ontario Institute of Technology"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2583008.2583017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2583008.2583017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:10:10Z","timestamp":1750234210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2583008.2583017"}},"subtitle":["an empirical analysis of common gamification elements"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2583008.2583017","10.1145\/2583008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2583008.2583017","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-10-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}